An evolutionary tree relating eight alphaviruses, based on amino-terminal sequences of their glycoproteins.

The NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of both structural glycoproteins of each of eight alphaviruses have been obtained. These sequences demonstrate that the alphaviruses are all closely related and have in all probability descended from a common ancestor. Cysteines are conserved as well as several other residues important for secondary structure, suggesting that the three-dimensional conformations of the alphavirus glycoproteins are conserved while considerable variation in the primary sequence has evolved. Secondary structure predictions based upon the amino acid sequences are consistent with this hypothesis. An evolutionary tree for these eight alphaviruses has been constructed from the amino acid sequence data and, at many positions in the sequence, the amino acids present in the ancestral glycoproteins have been deduced.