Molecular analysis of individual differences in talker search at the cocktail-party.

A molecular (trial-by-trial) analysis of data from a cocktail-party, target-talker search task was used to test two general classes of explanations accounting for individual differences in listener performance: cue weighting models for which errors are tied to the speech features talkers have in common with the target and internal noise models for which errors are largely independent of these features. The speech of eight different talkers was played simultaneously over eight different loudspeakers surrounding the listener. The locations of the eight talkers varied at random from trial to trial. The listener's task was to identify the location of a target talker with which they had previously been familiarized. An analysis of the response counts to individual talkers showed predominant confusion with one talker sharing the same fundamental frequency and timbre as the target and, secondarily, other talkers sharing the same timbre. The confusions occurred for a roughly constant 31% of all of the trials for all of the listeners. The remaining errors were uniformly distributed across the remaining talkers and responsible for the large individual differences in performances observed. The results are consistent with a model in which largely stimulus-independent factors (internal noise) are responsible for the wide variation in performance across listeners.