INTRODUCTION: 4D XStrain speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a feasible newer technology to evaluate the strain and rotational deformation of left ventricle (LV). We aimed to exhaustively present the normal value ranges of LV strain and twist parameter in healthy Indian adults during COVID-19 pandemic and furthermore to analyse their relationship with age and gender. METHOD: Study population consisted of 80 adults of 18-60 years (58 men, 22 women), which was arbitrarily divided into two groups: Group A <30 years and Group B >31 years. RESULTS: GLS was higher in females (P<0.01) and in Group A (P<0.01). On the contrary GCS and GRS were higher in men (P=NS) and in Group B (P<0.01), at the mitral valve level. At the papillary muscle level GCS and GRS values are more in men (P<0.01) and in <30 years of age (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Furthermore, the values of numerous other strain parameters-GLSR, GCSR, GRSR, LGV, TV, TS, TSR, Shear, Shear rate, ROV and RV, reflected heterogeneous variation across gender and various age groups. Twist was greater in men and increased with increasing age (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated a comprehensive data obtained in the current study utilizing 4D XStrain STE in healthy subjects. The LV speckle tracking software simultaneously provided 4D volumetric, strain, rotation and twist data in great detail. However, this distinctive technology has not been widely adopted and its evaluation is still limited to research applications. Therefore, further clinical studies are needed to validate our findings. AJCD
INTRODUCTION: 4D XStrain speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a feasible newer technology to evaluate the strain and rotational deformation of left ventricle (LV). We aimed to exhaustively present the normal value ranges of LV strain and twist parameter in healthy Indian adults during COVID-19 pandemic and furthermore to analyse their relationship with age and gender. METHOD: Study population consisted of 80 adults of 18-60 years (58 men, 22 women), which was arbitrarily divided into two groups: Group A <30 years and Group B >31 years. RESULTS: GLS was higher in females (P<0.01) and in Group A (P<0.01). On the contrary GCS and GRS were higher in men (P=NS) and in Group B (P<0.01), at the mitral valve level. At the papillary muscle level GCS and GRS values are more in men (P<0.01) and in <30 years of age (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Furthermore, the values of numerous other strain parameters-GLSR, GCSR, GRSR, LGV, TV, TS, TSR, Shear, Shear rate, ROV and RV, reflected heterogeneous variation across gender and various age groups. Twist was greater in men and increased with increasing age (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated a comprehensive data obtained in the current study utilizing 4D XStrain STE in healthy subjects. The LV speckle tracking software simultaneously provided 4D volumetric, strain, rotation and twist data in great detail. However, this distinctive technology has not been widely adopted and its evaluation is still limited to research applications. Therefore, further clinical studies are needed to validate our findings. AJCD
Authors: Roberto M Lang; Luigi P Badano; Victor Mor-Avi; Jonathan Afilalo; Anderson Armstrong; Laura Ernande; Frank A Flachskampf; Elyse Foster; Steven A Goldstein; Tatiana Kuznetsova; Patrizio Lancellotti; Denisa Muraru; Michael H Picard; Ernst R Rietzschel; Lawrence Rudski; Kirk T Spencer; Wendy Tsang; Jens-Uwe Voigt Journal: J Am Soc Echocardiogr Date: 2015-01 Impact factor: 5.251
Authors: Jens-Uwe Voigt; Gianni Pedrizzetti; Peter Lysyansky; Tom H Marwick; Hélène Houle; Rolf Baumann; Stefano Pedri; Yasuhiro Ito; Yasuhiko Abe; Stephen Metz; Joo Hyun Song; Jamie Hamilton; Partho P Sengupta; Theodore J Kolias; Jan d'Hooge; Gerard P Aurigemma; James D Thomas; Luigi Paolo Badano Journal: J Am Soc Echocardiogr Date: 2015-02 Impact factor: 5.251
Authors: Anke C C M van Mil; James Pearson; Aimee L Drane; John R Cockcroft; Barry J McDonnell; Eric J Stöhr Journal: Exp Physiol Date: 2016-03-02 Impact factor: 2.969