Karen K Hoi1, Lulia A Kana2, Gurjit Sandhu3, Reshma Jagsi4, Suzy McTaggart5, Jessa E Miller6, Erin L McKean7. 1. was at the time of writing a Medical Student, University of Michigan Medical School, and now is a Resident Physician, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis. 2. is a Resident Physician, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine. 3. is a Surgical Education Scientist, Associate Professor, and Vice-Chair for Resident Life, Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, and Associate Editor, Journal of Graduate Medical Education. 4. is Professor, Deputy Chair, and Residency Program Director, Department of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Medicine, and Director, Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan. 5. is Assistant Director of Evaluation and Assessment, Office of Medical Student Education, University of Michigan Medical School. 6. is a Resident Physician, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles. 7. is Assistant Dean for Student Services, University of Michigan Medical School, and Associate Professor of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine.
Abstract
Background: Microaggressions are one form of gender bias contributing to gender disparities and mistreatment, but their prevalence during virtual residency interviews has not been explored. Objective: To explore applicants' recall of experiencing gender microaggressions during virtual residency interviews and whether these experiences affected programs' rank position on applicants' rank lists. Methods: Fourth-year medical students at a single institution who participated in the 2021 Match were surveyed after submitting their rank lists. Students were surveyed categorically on (1) their recall of the frequency they experienced 17 gender microaggressions during interviews, and (2) how these affected reported ranking of programs on their rank lists. Results: Sixty-one percent (103 of 170) of eligible students responded to the survey. Seventy-two percent (36 of 50) of women experienced at least one microaggression compared to 30% (9 of 30) of men. The largest difference was in the experience of environmental microaggressions, which are demeaning cues communicated individually or institutionally, delivered visually, or that refer to climate (P<.001). Women experienced more microaggressions than men in nonsurgical (P=.003) and surgical specialties excluding obstetrics and gynecology (P=.009). When microaggressions were experienced at 1 to 2 programs, 36% of applicants (26 of 73) reported significantly lowering program ranking, compared to 5% (1 of 19) when microaggressions occurred at more than 5 programs (P=.038). Conclusions: Women applicants experience more microaggressions than men do during nonsurgical and male-dominated surgical specialty residency interviews. Respondents who recalled experiencing microaggressions at fewer programs were more likely to report significantly lowering the rank of those programs compared to those who experienced them at more programs.
Background: Microaggressions are one form of gender bias contributing to gender disparities and mistreatment, but their prevalence during virtual residency interviews has not been explored. Objective: To explore applicants' recall of experiencing gender microaggressions during virtual residency interviews and whether these experiences affected programs' rank position on applicants' rank lists. Methods: Fourth-year medical students at a single institution who participated in the 2021 Match were surveyed after submitting their rank lists. Students were surveyed categorically on (1) their recall of the frequency they experienced 17 gender microaggressions during interviews, and (2) how these affected reported ranking of programs on their rank lists. Results: Sixty-one percent (103 of 170) of eligible students responded to the survey. Seventy-two percent (36 of 50) of women experienced at least one microaggression compared to 30% (9 of 30) of men. The largest difference was in the experience of environmental microaggressions, which are demeaning cues communicated individually or institutionally, delivered visually, or that refer to climate (P<.001). Women experienced more microaggressions than men in nonsurgical (P=.003) and surgical specialties excluding obstetrics and gynecology (P=.009). When microaggressions were experienced at 1 to 2 programs, 36% of applicants (26 of 73) reported significantly lowering program ranking, compared to 5% (1 of 19) when microaggressions occurred at more than 5 programs (P=.038). Conclusions: Women applicants experience more microaggressions than men do during nonsurgical and male-dominated surgical specialty residency interviews. Respondents who recalled experiencing microaggressions at fewer programs were more likely to report significantly lowering the rank of those programs compared to those who experienced them at more programs.
Authors: Resa E Lewiss; Julie K Silver; Carol A Bernstein; Angela M Mills; Barbara Overholser; Nancy D Spector Journal: J Womens Health (Larchmt) Date: 2019-10-09 Impact factor: 2.681
Authors: Yue-Yung Hu; Ryan J Ellis; D Brock Hewitt; Anthony D Yang; Elaine Ooi Cheung; Judith T Moskowitz; John R Potts; Jo Buyske; David B Hoyt; Thomas J Nasca; Karl Y Bilimoria Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2019-10-28 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Atu Agawu; Corrinne Fahl; Dominique Alexis; Tomas Diaz; Diana Harris; Mary C Harris; Jaya Aysola; Peter F Cronholm; Eve J Higginbotham Journal: J Natl Med Assoc Date: 2019-10-23 Impact factor: 1.798