Literature DB >> 35132171

The Einstein effect provides global evidence for scientific source credibility effects and the influence of religiosity.

Suzanne Hoogeveen1, Julia M Haaf2, Joseph A Bulbulia3, Robert M Ross4, Ryan McKay5, Sacha Altay6, Theiss Bendixen7, Renatas Berniūnas8, Arik Cheshin9, Claudio Gentili10, Raluca Georgescu11, Will M Gervais12, Kristin Hagel13, Christopher Kavanagh14,15, Neil Levy4,16, Alejandra Neely17, Lin Qiu18, André Rabelo19, Jonathan E Ramsay20, Bastiaan T Rutjens2, Hugh Turpin14, Filip Uzarevic21, Robin Wuyts2, Dimitris Xygalatas22, Michiel van Elk23.   

Abstract

People tend to evaluate information from reliable sources more favourably, but it is unclear exactly how perceivers' worldviews interact with this source credibility effect. In a large and diverse cross-cultural sample (N = 10,195 from 24 countries), we presented participants with obscure, meaningless statements attributed to either a spiritual guru or a scientist. We found a robust global source credibility effect for scientific authorities, which we dub 'the Einstein effect': across all 24 countries and all levels of religiosity, scientists held greater authority than spiritual gurus. In addition, individual religiosity predicted a weaker relative preference for the statement from the scientist compared with the spiritual guru, and was more strongly associated with credibility judgements for the guru than the scientist. Independent data on explicit trust ratings across 143 countries mirrored our experimental findings. These findings suggest that irrespective of one's religious worldview, across cultures science is a powerful and universal heuristic that signals the reliability of information.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

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Year:  2022        PMID: 35132171     DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01273-8

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Nat Hum Behav        ISSN: 2397-3374


  48 in total

1.  Adults don't always know best: preschoolers use past reliability over age when learning new words.

Authors:  Vikram K Jaswal; Leslie A Neely
Journal:  Psychol Sci       Date:  2006-09

2.  Consider the source: persuasion of implicit evaluations is moderated by source credibility.

Authors:  Colin Tucker Smith; Jan De Houwer; Brian A Nosek
Journal:  Pers Soc Psychol Bull       Date:  2013-02

3.  Gaining trust as well as respect in communicating to motivated audiences about science topics.

Authors:  Susan T Fiske; Cydney Dupree
Journal:  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A       Date:  2014-09-15       Impact factor: 11.205

4.  Heuristic processing can bias systematic processing: effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude judgment.

Authors:  S Chaiken; D Maheswaran
Journal:  J Pers Soc Psychol       Date:  1994-03

Review 5.  Cognitive Foundations of Learning from Testimony.

Authors:  Paul L Harris; Melissa A Koenig; Kathleen H Corriveau; Vikram K Jaswal
Journal:  Annu Rev Psychol       Date:  2017-08-09       Impact factor: 24.137

6.  Two-year-olds are vigilant of others' non-verbal cues to credibility.

Authors:  Susan A J Birch; Nazanin Akmal; Kristen L Frampton
Journal:  Dev Sci       Date:  2010-03

7.  Perspective taking and theory of mind: do children predict interpretive diversity as a function of differences in observers' knowledge?

Authors:  M Taylor; B S Cartwright; T Bowden
Journal:  Child Dev       Date:  1991-12

8.  How do children weigh competence and benevolence when deciding whom to trust?

Authors:  Angie M Johnston; Candice M Mills; Asheley R Landrum
Journal:  Cognition       Date:  2015-08-05

9.  The Appeal to Expert Opinion: Quantitative Support for a Bayesian Network Approach.

Authors:  Adam J L Harris; Ulrike Hahn; Jens K Madsen; Anne S Hsu
Journal:  Cogn Sci       Date:  2015-09-01

10.  The moral, epistemic, and mindreading components of children's vigilance towards deception.

Authors:  Olivier Mascaro; Dan Sperber
Journal:  Cognition       Date:  2009-06-21
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  2 in total

1.  Global survey finds scientists have more credibility than spiritual leaders.

Authors: 
Journal:  Nature       Date:  2022-02       Impact factor: 49.962

2.  The Association of Prayer Frequency and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: A Comparative Study of the USA, India and Turkey.

Authors:  Michael Babula
Journal:  J Relig Health       Date:  2022-09-05
  2 in total

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