| Literature DB >> 34554285 |
N Worm1, O Weingärtner2, C Schulze2, K Lechner3.
Abstract
The "fat hypothesis of coronary heart disease", according to which saturated fatty acids (SFA) increase the concentration of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and consequently increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases, influenced the nutritional recommendations over the last 60 years, initially in the USA and later also in Europe. Over the years there accumulated a growing body of evidence from epidemiology and controlled clinical studies that the consumption of SFA per se was not associated with an increased cardiovascular risk and the limitation of consumption of SFA did not show a preventive effect. The focus on the SFA content negated the biologically heterogeneous and sometimes biologically favorable effects of various SFAs. In addition, it was neglected that SFAs in foodstuffs are bound in a variety of complex matrices, which are composed of dozens of nutrients with different structures and concomitant substances and therefore each triggers different biological responses and metabolic effects. Accordingly, such nutrient-based recommendations are principally not very productive and also difficult to realize. In addition, LDL‑C is not a suitable marker to assess the effect of lifestyle interventions, such as nutrition or physical activity, on the global cardiovascular risk.Entities:
Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Dairy fat; LDL cholesterol; Lifestyle; Nutrients; Prevention
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34554285 PMCID: PMC9355924 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-021-05067-6
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Herz ISSN: 0340-9937 Impact factor: 1.740
| Gesättigte Fettsäuren | Potenziell risikosteigernd | Potenziell risikomindernd |
|---|---|---|
| Buttersäure (C4:0) | – | Verstärkt Thermogenese, erhöht Fettoxidation, vermindert hepatische Fettsynthese, erhöht Energieverbrauch, vermindert Gewichtszunahme, steigert Insulinsensitivität, verbessert Zuckerstoffwechsel, senkt Blutlipide, mindert Inflammationsneigung |
| Valeriansäure (C5:0) | – | Antiinflammatorisch, blutlipidsenkend |
| Capronsäure (C6:0) | – | Antibakteriell und antiviral |
| Caprylsäure (C8:0) | – | Antiviral, vermindert Sekretion von ApoB und VLDL‑C, vermindert De-novo-Lipogenese, verstärkt glukosestimulierte Insulinsekretion |
| Caprinsäure (C10:0) | – | Mindert hepatische Lipogenese, senkt Blutlipide, mindert intestinale Entzündungsneigung und oxidativen Stress, stärkt die Darmbarriere |
| Laurinsäure (C12:0)a | Erhöht LDL‑C | Erhöht HDL‑Ca, senkt Triglyzeridea, senkt Gesamt-C:HDL‑Ca und LDL-C:HDL‑Ca, stimuliert GLP-1-Ausschüttung und senkt postprandiale Glukose, senkt Herzfrequenz- und Blutdruck |
| Myristinsäure (C14:0)a | Erhöht LDL‑C | Erhöht HDL‑Ca, senkt Triglyzeridea |
| Pentadecansäure (C15:0) | – | Antiinflammatorisch, antifibrotisch, stabilisiert Erythrozyten, aktiviert Reparaturmechanismen in Mitochondrien |
| Palmitinsäure (C16:0)a,b | Erhöht LDL‑C, aktiviert Inflammasom | Erhöht HDL‑Ca, senkt Triglyzeridea |
ApoB Apolipoprotein B, VLDL‑C „very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol“, HDL‑C „high-density lipoprotein cholesterol“, LDL‑C „low-density lipoprotein cholesterol“, GLP‑1 „glucagon-like peptide 1“
aim isokalorischen Austausch gegen Kohlenhydrate (nach [53])
bbei Insulinresistenz/Hyperinsulinämie in hohem Maße per De-novo-Lipogenese aus Stärke/Zucker synthetisiert
