Bryan P Bednarz1, Sydney Jupitz2, Warren Lee3, David Mills3, Heather Chan3, Timothy Fiorillo3, James Sabitini3, David Shoudy3, Aqsa Patel3, Jhimli Mitra3, Shourya Sarcar3, Bo Wang3, Andrew Shepard4, Charles Matrosic5, James Holmes6, Wesley Culberson2, Michael Bassetti7, Patrick Hill7, Alan McMillan6, James Zagzebski2, L Scott Smith3, Thomas K Foo3. 1. Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States. Electronic address: bbednarz2@wisc.edu. 2. Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States. 3. GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY 12309, United States. 4. Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States. 5. Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States. 6. Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States. 7. Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Respiration-induced tumor or organ positional changes can impact the accuracy of external beam radiotherapy. Motion management strategies are used to account for these changes during treatment. The authors report on the development, testing, and first-in-human evaluation of an electronic 4D (e4D) MR-compatible ultrasound probe that was designed for hands-free operation in a MR and linear accelerator (LINAC) environment. METHODS: Ultrasound components were evaluated for MR compatibility. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding was used to enclose the entire probe and a factory-fabricated cable shielded with copper braids was integrated into the probe. A series of simultaneous ultrasound and MR scans were acquired and analyzed in five healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The ultrasound probe led to minor susceptibility artifacts in the MR images immediately proximal to the ultrasound probe at a depth of <10 mm. Ultrasound and MR-based motion traces that were derived by tracking the salient motion of endogenous target structures in the superior-inferior (SI) direction demonstrated good concordance (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.95-0.98) between the ultrasound and MRI datasets. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that our hands-free, e4D probe can acquire ultrasound images during a MR acquisition at frame rates of approximately 4 frames per second (fps) without impacting either the MR or ultrasound image quality. This use of this technology for interventional procedures (e.g. biopsies and drug delivery) and motion compensation during imaging are also being explored.
PURPOSE: Respiration-induced tumor or organ positional changes can impact the accuracy of external beam radiotherapy. Motion management strategies are used to account for these changes during treatment. The authors report on the development, testing, and first-in-human evaluation of an electronic 4D (e4D) MR-compatible ultrasound probe that was designed for hands-free operation in a MR and linear accelerator (LINAC) environment. METHODS: Ultrasound components were evaluated for MR compatibility. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding was used to enclose the entire probe and a factory-fabricated cable shielded with copper braids was integrated into the probe. A series of simultaneous ultrasound and MR scans were acquired and analyzed in five healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The ultrasound probe led to minor susceptibility artifacts in the MR images immediately proximal to the ultrasound probe at a depth of <10 mm. Ultrasound and MR-based motion traces that were derived by tracking the salient motion of endogenous target structures in the superior-inferior (SI) direction demonstrated good concordance (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.95-0.98) between the ultrasound and MRI datasets. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that our hands-free, e4D probe can acquire ultrasound images during a MR acquisition at frame rates of approximately 4 frames per second (fps) without impacting either the MR or ultrasound image quality. This use of this technology for interventional procedures (e.g. biopsies and drug delivery) and motion compensation during imaging are also being explored.
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