A S Michalski1,2, B A Besler1,2, L A Burt1,2, S K Boyd3,4. 1. McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada. 2. Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 3. McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada. skboyd@ucalgary.ca. 4. Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. skboyd@ucalgary.ca.
Abstract
Millions of CT scans are performed annually and could be also used to opportunistically assess musculoskeletal health; however, it is unknown how well this secondary assessment relates to osteoporotic fracture. This study demonstrates that opportunistic CT screening is a promising tool to predict individuals with previous osteoporotic fracture. INTRODUCTION: Opportunistic computed tomography (oCT) screening for osteoporosis and fracture risk determination complements current dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) diagnosis. This study determined major osteoporotic fracture prediction by oCT at the spine and hip from abdominal CT scans. METHODS: Initial 1158 clinical abdominal CT scans were identified from administrative databases and were the basis to generate a cohort of 490 men and women with suitable abdominal CT scans. Participant CT scans met the following criteria: over 50 years of age, the scan had no image artifacts, and the field-of-view included the L4 vertebra and proximal femur. A total of 123 participants were identified as having previously suffered a fracture within 5 years of CT scan date. Fracture cause was identified from clinical data and used to create a low-energy fracture sub-cohort. At each skeletal site, bone mineral density (BMD) and finite element (FE)-estimated bone strength were determined. Logistic regression predicted fracture and receiver-operator characteristic curves analyzed prediction capabilities. RESULTS: In participants with a fracture, low-energy fractures occurred in 88% of women and 79% of men. Fracture prediction by combining both BMD and FE-estimated bone strength was not statistically different than using either BMD or FE-estimated bone strength alone. Predicting low-energy fractures in women determined the greatest AUC of 0.710 by using both BMD and FE-estimated bone strength. CONCLUSIONS: oCT screening using abdominal CT scans is effective at predicting individuals with previous fracture at major osteoporotic sites and offers a promising screening tool for skeletal health assessment.
Millions of CT scans are performed annually and could be also used to opportunistically assess musculoskeletal health; however, it is unknown how well this secondary assessment relates to osteoporotic fracture. This study demonstrates that opportunistic CT screening is a promising tool to predict individuals with previous osteoporotic fracture. INTRODUCTION: Opportunistic computed tomography (oCT) screening for osteoporosis and fracture risk determination complements current dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) diagnosis. This study determined major osteoporotic fracture prediction by oCT at the spine and hip from abdominal CT scans. METHODS: Initial 1158 clinical abdominal CT scans were identified from administrative databases and were the basis to generate a cohort of 490 men and women with suitable abdominal CT scans. Participant CT scans met the following criteria: over 50 years of age, the scan had no image artifacts, and the field-of-view included the L4 vertebra and proximal femur. A total of 123 participants were identified as having previously suffered a fracture within 5 years of CT scan date. Fracture cause was identified from clinical data and used to create a low-energy fracture sub-cohort. At each skeletal site, bone mineral density (BMD) and finite element (FE)-estimated bone strength were determined. Logistic regression predicted fracture and receiver-operator characteristic curves analyzed prediction capabilities. RESULTS: In participants with a fracture, low-energy fractures occurred in 88% of women and 79% of men. Fracture prediction by combining both BMD and FE-estimated bone strength was not statistically different than using either BMD or FE-estimated bone strength alone. Predicting low-energy fractures in women determined the greatest AUC of 0.710 by using both BMD and FE-estimated bone strength. CONCLUSIONS: oCT screening using abdominal CT scans is effective at predicting individuals with previous fracture at major osteoporotic sites and offers a promising screening tool for skeletal health assessment.
Entities:
Keywords:
Bone fracture; Osteoporosis; Patient-specific modeling; X-ray computed tomography
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