Tyler Sobotkiewicz1, Xiangya Huang2, Markus Haapasalo1, Christophe Mobuchon3, Ahmed Hieawy1, Jinghao Hu1, Huimin Zhou4, Zhejun Wang1, Ya Shen5. 1. Division of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia (UBC), 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada. 2. Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China. 3. Department of Materials Engineering, UBC, Vancouver, Canada. 4. Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China. 5. Division of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia (UBC), 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada. yashen@dentistry.ubc.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of the location of the canal curvature on the fatigue resistance of WaveOne (WO), WaveOne Gold (WOG), Reciproc (Rec), and Reciproc Blue (RecB) files, and to examine the phase transformation behaviors of the reciprocating file systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The instruments were subjected to fatigue testing in five artificial canals with a curvature of 60° angle and a 3-mm radius. The location of the curvature was unique for each canal. Each file was inserted 16 mm into the canal and operated until fracture occurred. The time to fracture was recorded and the length of the fragment was measured. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize the thermal behavior of the files. The number of cycles to failure was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the mean fragment lengths between groups. RESULTS: The instruments had significantly lower fatigue resistance in canals with curvatures in the middle and coronal canals compared with those with apical curvatures (p < 0.05). At all tested curvature locations, RecB had superior fatigue resistance compared with WO and Rec (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between WOG and Rec in canals with curvatures in the middle and coronal canals. The DSC thermograms for RecB exhibit a single exothermic peak during cooling but double endothermic peaks during heating indicating that a two-step phase transformation from martensite to R-phase to austenite takes place. CONCLUSIONS: The reciprocating instruments experience decreased cyclic fatigue resistance when operated in canals with coronal- and middle-third curvatures when compared with curvatures in the apical-third. Instrumenting coronally positioned curvatures with reciprocating files needs to be performed with caution. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The location of the root canal's curvature influences the fracture resistance of rotary files that are used with reciprocating movements. Therefore, caution needs to be exercised when using reciprocating instruments in canals with coronal or middle curvatures.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of the location of the canal curvature on the fatigue resistance of WaveOne (WO), WaveOne Gold (WOG), Reciproc (Rec), and Reciproc Blue (RecB) files, and to examine the phase transformation behaviors of the reciprocating file systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The instruments were subjected to fatigue testing in five artificial canals with a curvature of 60° angle and a 3-mm radius. The location of the curvature was unique for each canal. Each file was inserted 16 mm into the canal and operated until fracture occurred. The time to fracture was recorded and the length of the fragment was measured. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize the thermal behavior of the files. The number of cycles to failure was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the mean fragment lengths between groups. RESULTS: The instruments had significantly lower fatigue resistance in canals with curvatures in the middle and coronal canals compared with those with apical curvatures (p < 0.05). At all tested curvature locations, RecB had superior fatigue resistance compared with WO and Rec (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between WOG and Rec in canals with curvatures in the middle and coronal canals. The DSC thermograms for RecB exhibit a single exothermic peak during cooling but double endothermic peaks during heating indicating that a two-step phase transformation from martensite to R-phase to austenite takes place. CONCLUSIONS: The reciprocating instruments experience decreased cyclic fatigue resistance when operated in canals with coronal- and middle-third curvatures when compared with curvatures in the apical-third. Instrumenting coronally positioned curvatures with reciprocating files needs to be performed with caution. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The location of the root canal's curvature influences the fracture resistance of rotary files that are used with reciprocating movements. Therefore, caution needs to be exercised when using reciprocating instruments in canals with coronal or middle curvatures.
Authors: Hélio P Lopes; Márcia V B Vieira; Carlos N Elias; Lucio S Gonçalves; José F Siqueira; Edson J L Moreira; Victor T L Vieira; Letícia C Souza Journal: J Endod Date: 2013-02-20 Impact factor: 4.171