Prabaha Sikder1, Jessica A Ferreira2, Ehsan Akbari Fakhrabadi3, Karla Z Kantorski4, Matthew W Liberatore3, Marco C Bottino5, Sarit B Bhaduri6. 1. Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA. 2. Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. 3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA. 4. Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Periodontology Unit), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 5. Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: mbottino@umich.edu. 6. Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; EEC Division, Directorate of Engineering, The National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA. Electronic address: Sarit.Bhaduri@utoledo.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop bioactive and osseointegrable polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based composite filaments melt-blended with novel amorphous magnesium phosphate (AMP) particles for 3D printing of dental and orthopedic implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of materials and biological analyses of AMP-PEEK were performed. Thermal stability, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry curves of as-synthesized AMP were measured. Complex viscosity, elastic modulus and viscous modulus were determined using a rotational rheometer. In vitro bioactivity was analyzed using SBF immersion method. SEM, EDS and XRD were used to study the apatite-forming ability of the AMP-PEEK filaments. Mouse pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were cultured and analyzed for cell viability, proliferation and gene expression. For in vivo analyses, bare PEEK was used as the control and 15AMP-PEEK was chosen based on its in vitro cell-related results. After 4 or 12 weeks, animals were euthanized, and the femurs were collected for micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and histology. RESULTS: The collected findings confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of AMP particles within the PEEK matrix with no phase degradation. Rheological studies demonstrated that AMP-PEEK composites are good candidates for 3D printing by exhibiting high zero-shear and low infinite-shear viscosities. In vitro results revealed enhanced bioactivity and superior pre-osteoblast cell function in the case of AMP-PEEK composites as compared to bare PEEK. In vivo analyses further corroborated the enhanced osseointegration capacity for AMP-PEEK implants. SIGNIFICANCE: Collectively, the present investigation demonstrated that AMP-PEEK composite filaments can serve as feedstock for 3D printing of orthopedic and dental implants due to enhanced bioactivity and osseointegration capacity.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop bioactive and osseointegrable polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based composite filaments melt-blended with novel amorphous magnesium phosphate (AMP) particles for 3D printing of dental and orthopedic implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of materials and biological analyses of AMP-PEEK were performed. Thermal stability, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry curves of as-synthesized AMP were measured. Complex viscosity, elastic modulus and viscous modulus were determined using a rotational rheometer. In vitro bioactivity was analyzed using SBF immersion method. SEM, EDS and XRD were used to study the apatite-forming ability of the AMP-PEEK filaments. Mouse pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were cultured and analyzed for cell viability, proliferation and gene expression. For in vivo analyses, bare PEEK was used as the control and 15AMP-PEEK was chosen based on its in vitro cell-related results. After 4 or 12 weeks, animals were euthanized, and the femurs were collected for micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and histology. RESULTS: The collected findings confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of AMP particles within the PEEK matrix with no phase degradation. Rheological studies demonstrated that AMP-PEEK composites are good candidates for 3D printing by exhibiting high zero-shear and low infinite-shear viscosities. In vitro results revealed enhanced bioactivity and superior pre-osteoblast cell function in the case of AMP-PEEK composites as compared to bare PEEK. In vivo analyses further corroborated the enhanced osseointegration capacity for AMP-PEEK implants. SIGNIFICANCE: Collectively, the present investigation demonstrated that AMP-PEEK composite filaments can serve as feedstock for 3D printing of orthopedic and dental implants due to enhanced bioactivity and osseointegration capacity.
Authors: D Briem; S Strametz; K Schröder; N M Meenen; W Lehmann; W Linhart; A Ohl; J M Rueger Journal: J Mater Sci Mater Med Date: 2005-07 Impact factor: 3.896
Authors: K L Wong; C T Wong; W C Liu; H B Pan; M K Fong; W M Lam; W L Cheung; W M Tang; K Y Chiu; K D K Luk; W W Lu Journal: Biomaterials Date: 2009-05-07 Impact factor: 12.479