Kristina M Angelo1, Rhett J Stoney1, Gaelle Brun-Cottan2, Karin Leder3, Martin P Grobusch4, Natasha Hochberg5, Susan Kuhn6, Emmanuel Bottieau7, Patricia Schlagenhauf8, Lin Chen9, Noreen A Hynes10, Cecilia Perret Perez11, Frank P Mockenhaupt12, Israel Molina13, Clara Crespillo-Andújar14, Denis Malvy15, Eric Caumes16, Pierre Plourde17, Marc Shaw18,19, Anne E McCarthy20, Nancy Piper-Jenks21, Bradley A Connor22, Davidson H Hamer23,24, Annelies Wilder-Smith25,26. 1. Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. 2. Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA. 3. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Victorian Infectious Disease Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Monash University, 300 Grattan St, Parkville 3050, Australia. 4. Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Health Services, 10101 Southport Rd SW, Calgary AB T2W 3N2, Canada. 7. Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium. 8. WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland. 9. Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge and Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 10. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. 11. School of Medicine, Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan, Chile. 12. Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Augustenburger Pl. 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. 13. Department of Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, PROSICS, Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. 14. National Referral Unit for Tropical and Travel Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital La Paz-Carlos III, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. 15. Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, and Inserm 1219, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France. 16. Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France. 17. University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada. 18. James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Douglas, Townsville 4811, Australia. 19. Worldwise Travellers' Health Centres, 18 Saint Marks Road, Remuera, Auckland 1050, New Zealand. 20. Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada. 21. HRH Care, 1037 Main St, Peekskill, NY 10566, USA. 22. The New York Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA. 23. Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA. 24. Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, One Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118, USA. 25. Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, University of Umea, Petrus Laestadius Väg, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden. 26. Department for Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: International travellers contribute to the rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its sentinel identification globally. We describe ZIKV infections among international travellers seen at GeoSentinel sites with a focus on ZIKV acquired in the Americas and the Caribbean, describe countries of exposure and traveller characteristics, and assess ZIKV diagnostic testing by site. METHODS: Records with an international travel-related diagnosis of confirmed or probable ZIKV from January 2012 through December 2019 reported to GeoSentinel with a recorded illness onset date were included to show reported cases over time. Records from March 2016 through December 2019 with an exposure region of the Americas or the Caribbean were included in the descriptive analysis. A survey was conducted to assess the availability, accessibility and utilization of ZIKV diagnostic tests at GeoSentinel sites. RESULTS: GeoSentinel sites reported 525 ZIKV cases from 2012 through 2019. Between 2012 and 2014, eight cases were reported, and all were acquired in Asia or Oceania. After 2014, most cases were acquired in the Americas or the Caribbean, a large decline in ZIKV cases occurred in 2018-19.Between March 2016 and December 2019, 423 patients acquired ZIKV in the Americas or the Caribbean, peak reporting to these regions occurred in 2016 [330 cases (78%)]. The median age was 36 years (range: 3-92); 63% were female. The most frequent region of exposure was the Caribbean (60%). Thirteen travellers were pregnant during or after travel; one had a sexually acquired ZIKV infection. There was one case of fetal anomaly and two travellers with Guillain-Barré syndrome. GeoSentinel sites reported various challenges to diagnose ZIKV effectively. CONCLUSION: ZIKV should remain a consideration for travellers returning from areas with risk of ZIKV transmission. Travellers should discuss their travel plans with their healthcare providers to ensure ZIKV prevention measures are taken. Published by Oxford University Press 2020.
INTRODUCTION: International travellers contribute to the rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its sentinel identification globally. We describe ZIKVinfections among international travellers seen at GeoSentinel sites with a focus on ZIKV acquired in the Americas and the Caribbean, describe countries of exposure and traveller characteristics, and assess ZIKV diagnostic testing by site. METHODS: Records with an international travel-related diagnosis of confirmed or probable ZIKV from January 2012 through December 2019 reported to GeoSentinel with a recorded illness onset date were included to show reported cases over time. Records from March 2016 through December 2019 with an exposure region of the Americas or the Caribbean were included in the descriptive analysis. A survey was conducted to assess the availability, accessibility and utilization of ZIKV diagnostic tests at GeoSentinel sites. RESULTS: GeoSentinel sites reported 525 ZIKV cases from 2012 through 2019. Between 2012 and 2014, eight cases were reported, and all were acquired in Asia or Oceania. After 2014, most cases were acquired in the Americas or the Caribbean, a large decline in ZIKV cases occurred in 2018-19.Between March 2016 and December 2019, 423 patients acquired ZIKV in the Americas or the Caribbean, peak reporting to these regions occurred in 2016 [330 cases (78%)]. The median age was 36 years (range: 3-92); 63% were female. The most frequent region of exposure was the Caribbean (60%). Thirteen travellers were pregnant during or after travel; one had a sexually acquired ZIKVinfection. There was one case of fetal anomaly and two travellers with Guillain-Barré syndrome. GeoSentinel sites reported various challenges to diagnose ZIKV effectively. CONCLUSION:ZIKV should remain a consideration for travellers returning from areas with risk of ZIKV transmission. Travellers should discuss their travel plans with their healthcare providers to ensure ZIKV prevention measures are taken. Published by Oxford University Press 2020.
Authors: Isaac I Bogoch; Oliver J Brady; Moritz U G Kraemer; Matthew German; Maria I Creatore; Shannon Brent; Alexander G Watts; Simon I Hay; Manisha A Kulkarni; John S Brownstein; Kamran Khan Journal: Lancet Infect Dis Date: 2016-09-01 Impact factor: 25.071
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Authors: Annelies Wilder-Smith; Elizabeth B Brickley; Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes; Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho; Celina Maria Turchi Martelli; Tom Solomon; Bart C Jacobs; Carlos A Pardo; Lyda Osorio; Beatriz Parra; Suzannah Lant; Hugh J Willison; Sonja Leonhard; Lance Turtle; Maria Lúcia Brito Ferreira; Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Franca; Louis Lambrechts; Johan Neyts; Suzanne Kaptein; Rosanna Peeling; Deborah Boeras; James Logan; Helen Dolk; Ieda M Orioli; Andreas Neumayr; Trudie Lang; Bonny Baker; Eduardo Massad; Raman Preet Journal: Glob Health Action Date: 2021-10-26 Impact factor: 2.640