Marlies Antlanger1,2, Marlies Noordzij3, Moniek van de Luijtgaarden4, Juan Jesus Carrero5, Runolfur Palsson6,7, Patrik Finne8,9, Marc H Hemmelder10, Nuria Aresté-Fosalba11, Anna Varberg Reisæter12, Aleix Cases13,14, Jamie P Traynor15, Reinhard Kramar16, Ziad Massy17,18, Kitty J Jager3, Manfred Hecking19. 1. Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 2. Department of Internal Medicine II, Kepler University Hospital, Med Campus III, Linz, Austria. 3. European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Gender Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. 6. Division of Nephrology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. 7. Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. 8. Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 9. Finnish Registry for Kidney Diseases, Helsinki, Finland. 10. Dutch Renal Registry, Nefrovisie Foundation, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 11. Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena and Information System of the Autonomic Transplant Coordination of Andalusia (SICATA), Seville, Spain. 12. Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway. 13. Nephrology Unit, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 14. Catalan Registry of Renal Patients, Barcelona, Spain. 15. Scottish Renal Registry, Meridian Court, Information Services Division Scotland, Glasgow, UK. 16. Austrian Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Rohr, Austria. 17. Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France; and. 18. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1018, Team 5, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University of Paris Ouest-Versailles-St Quentin-en-Yveline, Villejuif, France. 19. Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; manfred.hecking@meduniwien.ac.at.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: More men than women undergo kidney replacement therapy (KRT) despite a larger number of women being affected by CKD. The aim of this multinational European study was to explore whether there might be historic and geographic trends in sex-specific incidence and prevalence of various KRT modalities. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We assessed sex-specific differences in KRT incidence and prevalence using data from nine countries reporting to the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry for at least 40 years, during the period 1965-2015. Sex distribution data were compared with the European general population (Eurostat). Statistical methodology included basic descriptive statistics, incidence and prevalence calculations per million population (pmp), as well as their male-to-female ratios. Analyses were stratified by age group and diabetic status. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 230,378 patients receiving KRT (38% women). For all KRT modalities, the incidence and prevalence rates were consistently higher in men than women. For example, the KRT incidence increased from 8 pmp in 1965-1974 to 98 pmp in 2005-2015 in women, whereas it rose from 12 to 173 pmp in men during the same period. Male-to-female ratios, calculated for incident and prevalent KRT patients, increased with age (range 1.2-2.4), showing consistency over decades and for individual countries, despite marked changes in primary kidney disease (diabetes more prevalent than glomerulonephritis in recent decades). The proportion of kidney transplants decreased less with age in incident and prevalent men compared with women on KRT. Stratified analysis of patients who were diabetic versus nondiabetic revealed that the male-to-female ratio was markedly higher for kidney transplantation in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Since the beginning of KRT programs reporting to the ERA-EDTA Registry since the 1960s, fewer women than men have received KRT. The relative difference between men and women initiating and undergoing KRT has remained consistent over the last five decades and in all studied countries.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: More men than women undergo kidney replacement therapy (KRT) despite a larger number of women being affected by CKD. The aim of this multinational European study was to explore whether there might be historic and geographic trends in sex-specific incidence and prevalence of various KRT modalities. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We assessed sex-specific differences in KRT incidence and prevalence using data from nine countries reporting to the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry for at least 40 years, during the period 1965-2015. Sex distribution data were compared with the European general population (Eurostat). Statistical methodology included basic descriptive statistics, incidence and prevalence calculations per million population (pmp), as well as their male-to-female ratios. Analyses were stratified by age group and diabetic status. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 230,378 patients receiving KRT (38% women). For all KRT modalities, the incidence and prevalence rates were consistently higher in men than women. For example, the KRT incidence increased from 8 pmp in 1965-1974 to 98 pmp in 2005-2015 in women, whereas it rose from 12 to 173 pmp in men during the same period. Male-to-female ratios, calculated for incident and prevalent KRT patients, increased with age (range 1.2-2.4), showing consistency over decades and for individual countries, despite marked changes in primary kidney disease (diabetes more prevalent than glomerulonephritis in recent decades). The proportion of kidney transplants decreased less with age in incident and prevalent men compared with women on KRT. Stratified analysis of patients who were diabetic versus nondiabetic revealed that the male-to-female ratio was markedly higher for kidney transplantation in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Since the beginning of KRT programs reporting to the ERA-EDTA Registry since the 1960s, fewer women than men have received KRT. The relative difference between men and women initiating and undergoing KRT has remained consistent over the last five decades and in all studied countries.
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