Amanda H X Lee1,2, Betty Wen3, Matthias Walter2, Shea Hocaloski4, Karen Hodge5, Nora Sandholdt6, Claes Hultling6, Stacy Elliott7,8,9, Andrei V Krassioukov2,4,9. 1. Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 2. International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 3. MD Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 4. GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 5. Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 6. Spinalis SCI Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurodegeneration, Neurorehabilitation Section, Stockholm, Sweden. 7. Vancouver Coastal Health, B.C. Centre for Sexual Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 8. Departments of Psychiatry and Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 9. Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Abstract
Objective: To examine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum anxiety (PPA) in mothers with spinal cord injury (SCI).Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.Setting: Online multi-national study.Participants: We surveyed an international sample of 102 women who gave birth following cervical SCI (C1-C8, n = 30), upper thoracic SCI (T1-T6, n = 12) or lower level SCI (T7 & below, n = 60). Participants were primarily from Canada and Sweden, and mean age at childbirth was 30 ± 6 years.Outcome Measures: Subscales from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) were used to measure PPD (PRAMS-3D) and PPA (PRAMS-2A). Results: PPD and PPA were most prevalent in women with cervical SCI, followed by upper thoracic SCI then lower SCI. Self-reported PPD was more prevalent than clinically diagnosed PPD in women with cervical SCI (P = 0.03) and upper thoracic SCI (P = 0.03). With cervical SCI, 75% of women diagnosed with MDD before pregnancy scored >9 on the PRAMS PPD subscale, indicating clinically relevant PPD. However, only 10% were diagnosed with PPD. Of women with lower SCI diagnosed with MDD before pregnancy, 25% had a clinically relevant score for self-reported PPD; 7% were diagnosed.Conclusions: This is currently the largest study examining PPD and PPA after SCI. Clinicians should be aware that mothers with SCI (particularly high-level SCI) may have increased risk of PPD and PPA. PPD is poorly understood in women with SCI and may even be underdiagnosed. SCI-related risk factors for PPD and PPA should be explored.
Objective: To examine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum anxiety (PPA) in mothers with spinal cord injury (SCI).Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.Setting: Online multi-national study.Participants: We surveyed an international sample of 102 women who gave birth following cervical SCI (C1-C8, n = 30), upper thoracic SCI (T1-T6, n = 12) or lower level SCI (T7 & below, n = 60). Participants were primarily from Canada and Sweden, and mean age at childbirth was 30 ± 6 years.Outcome Measures: Subscales from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) were used to measure PPD (PRAMS-3D) and PPA (PRAMS-2A). Results:PPD and PPA were most prevalent in women with cervical SCI, followed by upper thoracic SCI then lower SCI. Self-reported PPD was more prevalent than clinically diagnosed PPD in women with cervical SCI (P = 0.03) and upper thoracic SCI (P = 0.03). With cervical SCI, 75% of women diagnosed with MDD before pregnancy scored >9 on the PRAMS PPD subscale, indicating clinically relevant PPD. However, only 10% were diagnosed with PPD. Of women with lower SCI diagnosed with MDD before pregnancy, 25% had a clinically relevant score for self-reported PPD; 7% were diagnosed.Conclusions: This is currently the largest study examining PPD and PPA after SCI. Clinicians should be aware that mothers with SCI (particularly high-level SCI) may have increased risk of PPD and PPA. PPD is poorly understood in women with SCI and may even be underdiagnosed. SCI-related risk factors for PPD and PPA should be explored.
Authors: B C Craven; C Balioussis; S L Hitzig; C Moore; M C Verrier; L M Giangregorio; M R Popovic Journal: Spinal Cord Date: 2014-08-19 Impact factor: 2.772
Authors: Monika Mitra; Lisa I Iezzoni; Jianying Zhang; Linda M Long-Bellil; Suzanne C Smeltzer; Bruce A Barton Journal: Matern Child Health J Date: 2015-02
Authors: Kristina Davis; Teri Pearlstein; Scott Stuart; Michael O'Hara; Caron Zlotnick Journal: Arch Womens Ment Health Date: 2013-04-12 Impact factor: 3.633