| Literature DB >> 31418429 |
Li Wen1,2,3, Yue Wu1,2,3, Yang Yang1,2,3, Ting-Li Han4,2,5, Wenling Wang1,2,3,6, Huijia Fu2,7, Yangxi Zheng1,2,3, Tengfei Shan8, Jianjun Chen2,9, Ping Xu1,2,3, Huili Jin1,2,3, Li Lin1,2,3, Xiyao Liu1,2,3, Hongbo Qi1,2,3, Chao Tong1,2,3, Philip Baker2,5,10.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication that is diagnosed by the novel onset of abnormal glucose intolerance. Our study aimed to investigate the changes in human breast milk metabolome over the first month of lactation and how GDM affects milk metabolome. MATERIAL AND METHODS Colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk samples from women with normal uncomplicated pregnancies (n=94) and women with GDM-complicated pregnancies (n=90) were subjected to metabolomic profiling by the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS For the uncomplicated pregnancies, there were 59 metabolites that significantly differed among colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk samples, while 58 metabolites differed in colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk samples from the GDM pregnancies. There were 28 metabolites that were found to be significantly different between women with normal pregnancies and women with GDM pregnancies among colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk samples. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic profile of human milk is dynamic throughout the first months of lactation. High levels of amino acids in colostrum and high levels of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in mature milk, which may be critical for neonatal development in the first month of life, were features of both normal and GDM pregnancies.Entities:
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Year: 2019 PMID： 31418429 PMCID： PMC6708282 DOI： 10.12659/MSM.915827
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Med Sci Monit ISSN： 1234-1010