Brian K Kwon1, Ona Bloom2,3, Ina-Beate Wanner4, Armin Curt5, Jan M Schwab6, James Fawcett7, Kevin K Wang8. 1. International Collaboration on Repaid Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. brian.kwon@ubc.ca. 2. The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA. 3. The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA. 4. Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, IDDRC, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 5. University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. 6. The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. 7. Cambridge Center for Brain Repair, Cambridge, UK. 8. Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research (NNBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: This is a narrative review of the literature on neurochemical biomarkers in spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVES: The objective was to summarize the literature on neurochemical biomarkers in SCI and describe their use in facilitating clinical trials for SCI. Clinical trials in spinal cord injury (SCI) have been notoriously difficult to conduct, as exemplified by the paucity of definitive prospective randomized trials that have been completed, to date. This is related to the relatively low incidence and the complexity and heterogeneity of the human SCI condition. Given the increasing number of promising approaches that are emerging from the laboratory which are vying for clinical evaluation, novel strategies to help facilitate clinical trials are needed. METHODS: A literature review was conducted, with a focus on neurochemical biomarkers that have been described in human neurotrauma. RESULTS: We describe advances in our understanding of neurochemical biomarkers as they pertain to human SCI. The application of biomarkers from serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been led by efforts in the human traumatic brain injury (TBI) literature. A number of promising biomarkers have been described in human SCI whereby they may assist in stratifying injury severity and predicting outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Several time-specific biomarkers have been described for acute SCI and for chronic SCI. These appear promising for stratifying injury severity and potentially predicting outcome. The subsequent application within a clinical trial will help to demonstrate their utility in facilitating the study of novel approaches for SCI.
STUDY DESIGN: This is a narrative review of the literature on neurochemical biomarkers in spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVES: The objective was to summarize the literature on neurochemical biomarkers in SCI and describe their use in facilitating clinical trials for SCI. Clinical trials in spinal cord injury (SCI) have been notoriously difficult to conduct, as exemplified by the paucity of definitive prospective randomized trials that have been completed, to date. This is related to the relatively low incidence and the complexity and heterogeneity of the human SCI condition. Given the increasing number of promising approaches that are emerging from the laboratory which are vying for clinical evaluation, novel strategies to help facilitate clinical trials are needed. METHODS: A literature review was conducted, with a focus on neurochemical biomarkers that have been described in human neurotrauma. RESULTS: We describe advances in our understanding of neurochemical biomarkers as they pertain to human SCI. The application of biomarkers from serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been led by efforts in the humantraumatic brain injury (TBI) literature. A number of promising biomarkers have been described in human SCI whereby they may assist in stratifying injury severity and predicting outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Several time-specific biomarkers have been described for acute SCI and for chronic SCI. These appear promising for stratifying injury severity and potentially predicting outcome. The subsequent application within a clinical trial will help to demonstrate their utility in facilitating the study of novel approaches for SCI.
Authors: P E Vos; B Jacobs; T M J C Andriessen; K J B Lamers; G F Borm; T Beems; M Edwards; C F Rosmalen; J L M Vissers Journal: Neurology Date: 2010-11-16 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Stefania Mondello; Andrea Gabrielli; Sheila Catani; Mariagrazia D'Ippolito; Andreas Jeromin; Antonio Ciaramella; Paola Bossù; Kara Schmid; Frank Tortella; Kevin K W Wang; Ronald L Hayes; Rita Formisano Journal: Brain Inj Date: 2012-07-13 Impact factor: 2.311
Authors: Linda Papa; Salvatore Silvestri; Gretchen M Brophy; Philip Giordano; Jay L Falk; Carolina F Braga; Ciara N Tan; Neema J Ameli; Jason A Demery; Neha K Dixit; Matthew E Mendes; Ronald L Hayes; Kevin K W Wang; Claudia S Robertson Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2014-09-12 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: David N Loy; Angela E Sroufe; Jennifer L Pelt; Darlene A Burke; Qi-Lin Cao; Jason F Talbott; Scott R Whittemore Journal: Neurosurgery Date: 2005-02 Impact factor: 4.654
Authors: Brian K Kwon; Femke Streijger; Nader Fallah; Vanessa K Noonan; Lise M Bélanger; Leanna Ritchie; Scott J Paquette; Tamir Ailon; Michael C Boyd; John Street; Charles G Fisher; Marcel F Dvorak Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2016-08-15 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: Richard Rubenstein; Binggong Chang; Peter Davies; Amy K Wagner; Claudia S Robertson; Kevin K W Wang Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2014-12-23 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: Gretchen M Brophy; Jose A Pineda; Linda Papa; Stephen B Lewis; Alex B Valadka; H Julia Hannay; Shelley C Heaton; Jason A Demery; Ming Cheng Liu; Joseph J Tepas; Andrea Gabrielli; Steven Robicsek; Kevin K W Wang; Claudia S Robertson; Ronald L Hayes Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2009-04 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: James D Guest; John D Steeves; M J Mulcahey; Linda A T Jones; Frank Rockhold; Rϋediger Rupp; John L K Kramer; Steven Kirshblum; Andrew Blight; Daniel Lammertse Journal: Spinal Cord Date: 2020-09-16 Impact factor: 2.772
Authors: Mingkuan Lin; Wan Huang; Nadine Kabbani; Mark M Theiss; John F Hamilton; James M Ecklund; Yvette P Conley; Yoram Vodovotz; David Brienza; Amy K Wagner; Emily Robbins; Gwendolyn A Sowa; Robert H Lipsky Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-05-06 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Aria Nouri; Joseph S Cheng; Benjamin Davies; Mark Kotter; Karl Schaller; Enrico Tessitore Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2020-02-16 Impact factor: 4.241
Authors: Brian Y Hwang; David Mampre; A Karim Ahmed; Ian Suk; William S Anderson; Amir Manbachi; Nicholas Theodore Journal: Neurosurgery Date: 2021-08-16 Impact factor: 5.315