J E Park1, M Miller2, J Rhyne3, Z Wang4, S L Hazen5. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, N3E09, Baltimore, MD, MD 21201, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S Paca St, Suite 7-124, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: jieun.park@som.umaryland.edu. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, N3E09, Baltimore, MD, MD 21201, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S Paca St, Suite 7-124, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: mmiller@som.umaryland.edu. 3. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S Paca St, Suite 7-124, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: jrhyno@gmail.com. 4. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: wangz2@ccf.org. 5. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: hazens@ccf.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dietary nutrient intake and its metabolism by the gut microbiome have recently been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In particular, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of the gut microbiota, has been shown to be a predictor of incident CVD events. Elevated levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have also been associated with an increased propensity for insulin resistance. METHODS: To study the association of dietary intake with systemic TMAO, its nutrient precursors, and BCAA levels on fasting plasma levels of TMAO and its nutrient precursors and BCAA, we conducted an exploratory post-hoc analysis of 3 popular diets - high fat (Atkins), Mediterranean (South Beach), and very low fat (Ornish) - using plasma samples from a prior randomized, crossover study, with each isocaloric dietary phase lasting 4 weeks. Metabolites were quantified using stable isotope dilution HPLC with on-line tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Compared to the low fat Ornish phase, the high fat Atkins dietary phase was characterized by increased levels of TMAO (3.3 vs. 1.8 μM, p = 0.01), and the BCAA valine (272.8 vs. 235.8 μM, p = 0.005) and leucine (105.9 vs. 96.4 μM, p = 0.01). The high fat Atkins dietary phase was also associated with higher levels of TMAO (3.3 vs 1.6 μM, p = 0.04), valine (272.8 vs. 240.7 μM, p = 0.004), and leucine (105.9 vs. 96.4 μM, p = 0.01) compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that over a 4-week interval, a saturated fat diet that is predominantly animal-based, compared to an isocaloric, low fat, predominantly plant-based diet, is associated with heightened risk for cardiometabolic derangements, as monitored by a higher plasma levels of both TMAO and BCAA. Published by Elsevier B.V.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Dietary nutrient intake and its metabolism by the gut microbiome have recently been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In particular, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of the gut microbiota, has been shown to be a predictor of incident CVD events. Elevated levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have also been associated with an increased propensity for insulin resistance. METHODS: To study the association of dietary intake with systemic TMAO, its nutrient precursors, and BCAA levels on fasting plasma levels of TMAO and its nutrient precursors and BCAA, we conducted an exploratory post-hoc analysis of 3 popular diets - high fat (Atkins), Mediterranean (South Beach), and very low fat (Ornish) - using plasma samples from a prior randomized, crossover study, with each isocaloric dietary phase lasting 4 weeks. Metabolites were quantified using stable isotope dilution HPLC with on-line tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Compared to the low fat Ornish phase, the high fat Atkins dietary phase was characterized by increased levels of TMAO (3.3 vs. 1.8 μM, p = 0.01), and the BCAA valine (272.8 vs. 235.8 μM, p = 0.005) and leucine (105.9 vs. 96.4 μM, p = 0.01). The high fat Atkins dietary phase was also associated with higher levels of TMAO (3.3 vs 1.6 μM, p = 0.04), valine (272.8 vs. 240.7 μM, p = 0.004), and leucine (105.9 vs. 96.4 μM, p = 0.01) compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that over a 4-week interval, a saturated fat diet that is predominantly animal-based, compared to an isocaloric, low fat, predominantly plant-based diet, is associated with heightened risk for cardiometabolic derangements, as monitored by a higher plasma levels of both TMAO and BCAA. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Authors: Tiffany A Dong; Pratik B Sandesara; Devinder S Dhindsa; Anurag Mehta; Laura C Arneson; Allen L Dollar; Pam R Taub; Laurence S Sperling Journal: Am J Med Date: 2020-04-21 Impact factor: 4.965
Authors: Gang Liu; Jun Li; Yanping Li; Yang Hu; Adrian A Franke; Liming Liang; Frank B Hu; Andrew T Chan; Kenneth J Mukamal; Eric B Rimm; Qi Sun Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2021-07-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Vienna E Brunt; Abigail G Casso; Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan; Zachary J Sapinsley; Brian P Ziemba; Zachary S Clayton; Amy E Bazzoni; Nicholas S VanDongen; James J Richey; David A Hutton; Melanie C Zigler; Andrew P Neilson; Kevin P Davy; Douglas R Seals Journal: Hypertension Date: 2021-05-10 Impact factor: 9.897
Authors: Shuang Liang; Reeja F Nasir; Kim S Bell-Anderson; Clémence A Toniutti; Fiona M O'Leary; Michael R Skilton Journal: Nutr Rev Date: 2022-07-07 Impact factor: 6.846