Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo1, Muriel Rabilloud2, Ahidjo Ayouba3, Abdoulaye Touré4, Guillaume Thaurignac3, Alpha Kabinet Keita1, Christelle Butel3, Cécé Kpamou5, Thierno Alimou Barry5, Mariama Djouldé Sall5, Ibrahima Camara5, Sandrine Leroy3, Philippe Msellati3, René Ecochard2, Martine Peeters3, Mamadou Saliou Sow6, Eric Delaporte7, Jean-François Etard8. 1. Recherches translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea. 2. Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique Santé, Pierre-Bénite, France. 3. Recherches translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 4. Recherches translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institut National de Santé Publique, Conakry, Guinea; Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea. 5. Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea. 6. Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital National de Donka, Conakry, Guinea. 7. Recherches translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; University Teaching Hospital, Montpellier, France. 8. Recherches translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: jean-francois.etard@ird.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Ebola virus infection among people who have been in contact with patients with Ebola virus disease remains unclear, but is essential to understand the dynamics of transmission. This study aimed to identify risk factors for seropositivity and to estimate the prevalence of Ebola virus infection in unvaccinated contact persons. METHODS: In this retrospective, cross-sectional observational study, we recruited individuals between May 12, 2016, and Sept 8, 2017, who had been in physical contact with a patient with Ebola virus disease, from four medical centres in Guinea (Conakry, Macenta, N'zérékoré, and Forécariah). Contact persons had to be 7 years or older and not diagnosed with Ebola virus disease. Participants were selected through the Postebogui survivors' cohort. We collected self-reported information on exposure and occurrence of symptoms after exposure using a questionnaire, and tested antibody response against glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and 40-kDa viral protein of Zaire Ebola virus by taking a blood sample. The prevalence of Ebola virus infection was estimated with a latent class model. FINDINGS: 1721 contact persons were interviewed and given blood tests, 331 of whom reported a history of vaccination so were excluded, resulting in a study population of 1390. Symptoms were reported by 216 (16%) contact persons. The median age of participants was 26 years (range 7-88) and 682 (49%) were male. Seropositivity was identified in 18 (8·33%, 95% CI 5·01-12·80) of 216 paucisymptomatic contact persons and 39 (3·32%, 5·01-12·80) of 1174 (2-4) asymptomatic individuals (p=0·0021). Seropositivity increased with participation in burial rituals (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2·30, 95% CI 1·21-4·17; p=0·0079) and exposure to blood or vomit (aOR 2·15, 1·23-3·91; p=0·0090). Frequency of Ebola virus infection varied from 3·06% (95% CI 1·84-5·05) in asymptomatic contact persons who did not participate in burial rituals to 5·98% (2·81-8·18) in those who did, and from 7·17% (3·94-9·09) in paucisymptomatic contact persons who did not participate in burial rituals to 17·16% (12·42-22·31) among those who did. INTERPRETATION: This study provides a new assessment of the prevalence of Ebola virus infection among contact persons according to exposure, provides evidence for the occurrence of paucisymptomatic cases, and reinforces the importance of closely monitoring at-risk contact persons. FUNDING: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Reacting, the French Ebola Task Force, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, and Montpellier University Of Excellence-University of Montpellier.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Ebola virus infection among people who have been in contact with patients with Ebola virus disease remains unclear, but is essential to understand the dynamics of transmission. This study aimed to identify risk factors for seropositivity and to estimate the prevalence of Ebola virus infection in unvaccinated contact persons. METHODS: In this retrospective, cross-sectional observational study, we recruited individuals between May 12, 2016, and Sept 8, 2017, who had been in physical contact with a patient with Ebola virus disease, from four medical centres in Guinea (Conakry, Macenta, N'zérékoré, and Forécariah). Contact persons had to be 7 years or older and not diagnosed with Ebola virus disease. Participants were selected through the Postebogui survivors' cohort. We collected self-reported information on exposure and occurrence of symptoms after exposure using a questionnaire, and tested antibody response against glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and 40-kDa viral protein of Zaire Ebola virus by taking a blood sample. The prevalence of Ebola virus infection was estimated with a latent class model. FINDINGS: 1721 contact persons were interviewed and given blood tests, 331 of whom reported a history of vaccination so were excluded, resulting in a study population of 1390. Symptoms were reported by 216 (16%) contact persons. The median age of participants was 26 years (range 7-88) and 682 (49%) were male. Seropositivity was identified in 18 (8·33%, 95% CI 5·01-12·80) of 216 paucisymptomatic contact persons and 39 (3·32%, 5·01-12·80) of 1174 (2-4) asymptomatic individuals (p=0·0021). Seropositivity increased with participation in burial rituals (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2·30, 95% CI 1·21-4·17; p=0·0079) and exposure to blood or vomit (aOR 2·15, 1·23-3·91; p=0·0090). Frequency of Ebola virus infection varied from 3·06% (95% CI 1·84-5·05) in asymptomatic contact persons who did not participate in burial rituals to 5·98% (2·81-8·18) in those who did, and from 7·17% (3·94-9·09) in paucisymptomatic contact persons who did not participate in burial rituals to 17·16% (12·42-22·31) among those who did. INTERPRETATION: This study provides a new assessment of the prevalence of Ebola virus infection among contact persons according to exposure, provides evidence for the occurrence of paucisymptomatic cases, and reinforces the importance of closely monitoring at-risk contact persons. FUNDING: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Reacting, the French Ebola Task Force, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, and Montpellier University Of Excellence-University of Montpellier.
Authors: Elizabeth S Higgs; Dehkontee Gayedyu-Dennis; William A Fischer Ii; Martha Nason; Cavan Reilly; Abdoul Habib Beavogui; Jamila Aboulhab; Jacqueline Nordwall; Princess Lobbo; Ian Wachekwa; Huyen Cao; Tomas Cihlar; Lisa Hensley; H Clifford Lane Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2021-11-16 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Alpha Kabinet Keita; Fara R Koundouno; Martin Faye; Ariane Düx; Julia Hinzmann; Haby Diallo; Ahidjo Ayouba; Frederic Le Marcis; Barré Soropogui; Kékoura Ifono; Moussa M Diagne; Mamadou S Sow; Joseph A Bore; Sebastien Calvignac-Spencer; Nicole Vidal; Jacob Camara; Mamadou B Keita; Annick Renevey; Amadou Diallo; Abdoul K Soumah; Saa L Millimono; Almudena Mari-Saez; Mamadou Diop; Ahmadou Doré; Fodé Y Soumah; Kaka Kourouma; Nathalie J Vielle; Cheikh Loucoubar; Ibrahima Camara; Karifa Kourouma; Giuditta Annibaldis; Assaïtou Bah; Anke Thielebein; Meike Pahlmann; Steven T Pullan; Miles W Carroll; Joshua Quick; Pierre Formenty; Anais Legand; Karla Pietro; Michael R Wiley; Noel Tordo; Christophe Peyrefitte; John T McCrone; Andrew Rambaut; Youssouf Sidibé; Mamadou D Barry; Madeleine Kourouma; Cé D Saouromou; Mamadou Condé; Moussa Baldé; Moriba Povogui; Sakoba Keita; Mandiou Diakite; Mamadou S Bah; Amadou Sidibe; Dembo Diakite; Fodé B Sako; Fodé A Traore; Georges A Ki-Zerbo; Philippe Lemey; Stephan Günther; Liana E Kafetzopoulou; Amadou A Sall; Eric Delaporte; Sophie Duraffour; Ousmane Faye; Fabian H Leendertz; Martine Peeters; Abdoulaye Toure; N' Faly Magassouba Journal: Nature Date: 2021-09-15 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Tracey Goldstein; Manjunatha N Belaganahalli; Eddy K Syaluha; Jean-Paul K Lukusa; Denise J Greig; Simon J Anthony; Alexandre Tremeau-Bravard; Riddhi Thakkar; Adrian Caciula; Nischay Mishra; W Ian Lipkin; Jasjeet K Dhanota; Brett R Smith; Victoria M Ontiveros; Nistara Randhawa; Michael Cranfield; Christine K Johnson; Kirsten V Gilardi; Jonna A K Mazet Journal: One Health Outlook Date: 2020-11-04
Authors: Shevin T Jacob; Ian Crozier; William A Fischer; Angela Hewlett; Colleen S Kraft; Marc-Antoine de La Vega; Moses J Soka; Victoria Wahl; Anthony Griffiths; Laura Bollinger; Jens H Kuhn Journal: Nat Rev Dis Primers Date: 2020-02-20 Impact factor: 52.329