Ronny Bruffaerts1,2, Philippe Mortier1,3, Randy P Auerbach4,5, Jordi Alonso3, Alicia E Hermosillo De la Torre6, Pim Cuijpers7, Koen Demyttenaere1,2, David D Ebert8, Jennifer Greif Green9, Penelope Hasking10, Dan J Stein11, Edel Ennis12, Matthew K Nock13, Stephanie Pinder-Amaker14, Nancy A Sampson15, Gemma Vilagut3, Alan M Zaslavsky12, Ronald C Kessler12. 1. Center for Public Health Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 2. Campus Gasthuisberg, Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum KU Leuven (UPC-KUL), Leuven, Belgium. 3. Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 5. Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, New York, USA. 6. Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico. 7. Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 8. Department for Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. 9. Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 10. School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 11. MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. 12. Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK. 13. Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 14. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA. 15. Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) are common and burdensome among college students. Although available evidence suggests that only a small proportion of the students with these conditions receive treatment, broad-based data on patterns of treatment are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the receipt of mental health treatment among college students cross-nationally. METHODS: Web-based self-report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first year students from 19 colleges in eight countries across the world as part of the World Health Organization's World Mental Health-International College Student Initiative. The survey assessed lifetime and 12-month common mental disorders/STB and treatment of these conditions. RESULTS: Lifetime and 12-month treatment rates were very low, with estimates of 25.3-36.3% for mental disorders and 29.5-36.1% for STB. Treatment was positively associated with STB severity. However, even among severe cases, lifetime and 12-month treatment rates were never higher than 60.0% and 45.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: High unmet need for treatment of mental disorders and STB exists among college students. In order to resolve the problem of high unmet need, a reallocation of resources may focus on innovative, low-threshold, inexpensive, and scalable interventions.
OBJECTIVES:Mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) are common and burdensome among college students. Although available evidence suggests that only a small proportion of the students with these conditions receive treatment, broad-based data on patterns of treatment are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the receipt of mental health treatment among college students cross-nationally. METHODS: Web-based self-report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first year students from 19 colleges in eight countries across the world as part of the World Health Organization's World Mental Health-International College Student Initiative. The survey assessed lifetime and 12-month common mental disorders/STB and treatment of these conditions. RESULTS: Lifetime and 12-month treatment rates were very low, with estimates of 25.3-36.3% for mental disorders and 29.5-36.1% for STB. Treatment was positively associated with STB severity. However, even among severe cases, lifetime and 12-month treatment rates were never higher than 60.0% and 45.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: High unmet need for treatment of mental disorders and STB exists among college students. In order to resolve the problem of high unmet need, a reallocation of resources may focus on innovative, low-threshold, inexpensive, and scalable interventions.
Authors: Kelly Posner; Gregory K Brown; Barbara Stanley; David A Brent; Kseniya V Yershova; Maria A Oquendo; Glenn W Currier; Glenn A Melvin; Laurence Greenhill; Sa Shen; J John Mann Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2011-12 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: Ronald C Kessler; Patcho N Santiago; Lisa J Colpe; Catherine L Dempsey; Michael B First; Steven G Heeringa; Murray B Stein; Carol S Fullerton; Michael J Gruber; James A Naifeh; Matthew K Nock; Nancy A Sampson; Michael Schoenbaum; Alan M Zaslavsky; Robert J Ursano Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2013-12 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Randy P Auerbach; Philippe Mortier; Ronny Bruffaerts; Jordi Alonso; Corina Benjet; Pim Cuijpers; Koen Demyttenaere; David D Ebert; Jennifer Greif Green; Penelope Hasking; Sue Lee; Christine Lochner; Margaret McLafferty; Matthew K Nock; Maria V Petukhova; Stephanie Pinder-Amaker; Anthony J Rosellini; Nancy A Sampson; Gemma Vilagut; Alan M Zaslavsky; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2018-11-18 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Carlos Blanco; Mayumi Okuda; Crystal Wright; Deborah S Hasin; Bridget F Grant; Shang-Min Liu; Mark Olfson Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2008-12
Authors: Matthew K Nock; Guilherme Borges; Evelyn J Bromet; Jordi Alonso; Matthias Angermeyer; Annette Beautrais; Ronny Bruffaerts; Wai Tat Chiu; Giovanni de Girolamo; Semyon Gluzman; Ron de Graaf; Oye Gureje; Josep Maria Haro; Yueqin Huang; Elie Karam; Ronald C Kessler; Jean Pierre Lepine; Daphna Levinson; Maria Elena Medina-Mora; Yutaka Ono; José Posada-Villa; David Williams Journal: Br J Psychiatry Date: 2008-02 Impact factor: 9.319
Authors: Ronny Bruffaerts; Philippe Mortier; Randy P Auerbach; Jordi Alonso; Alicia E Hermosillo De la Torre; Pim Cuijpers; Koen Demyttenaere; David D Ebert; Jennifer Greif Green; Penelope Hasking; Dan J Stein; Edel Ennis; Matthew K Nock; Stephanie Pinder-Amaker; Nancy A Sampson; Gemma Vilagut; Alan M Zaslavsky; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2019-01-20 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Philippe Mortier; Randy P Auerbach; Jordi Alonso; William G Axinn; Pim Cuijpers; David D Ebert; Jennifer G Green; Irving Hwang; Ronald C Kessler; Howard Liu; Matthew K Nock; Stephanie Pinder-Amaker; Nancy A Sampson; Alan M Zaslavsky; Jibril Abdulmalik; Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola; Ali Al-Hamzawi; Corina Benjet; Koen Demyttenaere; Silvia Florescu; Giovanni De Girolamo; Oye Gureje; Josep Maria Haro; Chiyi Hu; Yueqin Huang; Peter De Jonge; Elie G Karam; Andrzej Kiejna; Viviane Kovess-Masfety; Sing Lee; John J Mcgrath; Siobhan O'neill; Vladimir Nakov; Beth-Ellen Pennell; Marina Piazza; José Posada-Villa; Charlene Rapsey; Maria Carmen Viana; Miguel Xavier; Ronny Bruffaerts Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2018-01-16 Impact factor: 4.328
Authors: Margaret McLafferty; Coral R Lapsley; Edel Ennis; Cherie Armour; Sam Murphy; Brendan P Bunting; Anthony J Bjourson; Elaine K Murray; Siobhan M O'Neill Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-12-13 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Jordi Alonso; Gemma Vilagut; Philippe Mortier; Randy P Auerbach; Ronny Bruffaerts; Pim Cuijpers; Koen Demyttenaere; David D Ebert; Edel Ennis; Raul A Gutiérrez-García; Jennifer Greif Green; Penelope Hasking; Sue Lee; Jason Bantjes; Matthew K Nock; Stephanie Pinder-Amaker; Nancy A Sampson; Alan M Zaslavsky; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2018-11-06 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Chelsey R Wilks; Randy P Auerbach; Jordi Alonso; Corina Benjet; Ronny Bruffaerts; Pim Cuijpers; David D Ebert; Jennifer G Green; Claude A Mellins; Philippe Mortier; Ekaterina Sadikova; Nancy A Sampson; Ronald C Kessler Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2020-01-29 Impact factor: 4.791
Authors: Adam G Horwitz; Taylor McGuire; Danielle R Busby; Daniel Eisenberg; Kai Zheng; Jacqueline Pistorello; Ronald Albucher; William Coryell; Cheryl A King Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2020-04-18 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Arthur D P Mak; Sue Lee; Nancy A Sampson; Yesica Albor; Jordi Alonso; Randy P Auerbach; Harald Baumeister; Corina Benjet; Ronny Bruffaerts; Pim Cuijpers; David D Ebert; Raúl A Gutierrez-Garcia; Penelope Hasking; Coral Lapsley; Christine Lochner; Ronald C Kessler Journal: J Atten Disord Date: 2021-11-10 Impact factor: 3.196
Authors: Ronny Bruffaerts; Philippe Mortier; Randy P Auerbach; Jordi Alonso; Alicia E Hermosillo De la Torre; Pim Cuijpers; Koen Demyttenaere; David D Ebert; Jennifer Greif Green; Penelope Hasking; Dan J Stein; Edel Ennis; Matthew K Nock; Stephanie Pinder-Amaker; Nancy A Sampson; Gemma Vilagut; Alan M Zaslavsky; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2019-01-20 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Pim Cuijpers; Randy P Auerbach; Corina Benjet; Ronny Bruffaerts; David Ebert; Eirini Karyotaki; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2019-01-09 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: David Daniel Ebert; Philippe Mortier; Fanny Kaehlke; Ronny Bruffaerts; Harald Baumeister; Randy P Auerbach; Jordi Alonso; Gemma Vilagut; Kalina I Martínez; Christine Lochner; Pim Cuijpers; Ann-Marie Kuechler; Jennifer Green; Penelope Hasking; Coral Lapsley; Nancy A Sampson; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2019-05-09 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Glenn Kiekens; Penelope Hasking; Ronny Bruffaerts; Jordi Alonso; Randy P Auerbach; Jason Bantjes; Corina Benjet; Mark Boyes; Wai Tat Chiu; Laurence Claes; Pim Cuijpers; David D Ebert; Arthur Mak; Philippe Mortier; Siobhan O'Neill; Nancy A Sampson; Dan J Stein; Gemma Vilagut; Matthew K Nock; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2021-06-18 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: Jason Bantjes; Alan E Kazdin; Pim Cuijpers; Elsie Breet; Munita Dunn-Coetzee; Charl Davids; Dan J Stein; Ronald C Kessler Journal: JMIR Ment Health Date: 2021-05-27