William Zhao1, Hsi-En Ho2, Supinda Bunyavanich3. 1. Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. 2. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. 3. Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Electronic address: supinda@post.harvard.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review observational human, murine, and interventional trial studies that have examined the gut microbiome in food allergy, and to provide perspective on future investigations in this field. DATA SOURCES: A review of the published literature was performed with PubMed, and clinical studies catalogued at ClinicalTrials.gov were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTIONS: The most recent relevant studies, seminal works, and topical clinical trials were selected. RESULTS: Gut dysbiosis likely precedes the development of food allergy, and the timing of such dysbiosis is critical. Gut microbiota associated with individual food allergies may be distinct. Murine models support the importance of gut microbiota in shaping immune maturation and tolerance. Gut microbiota may affect food allergy susceptibility by modulating type 2 immunity, influencing immune development and tolerance, regulating basophil populations, and promoting intestinal barrier function. Ongoing and future interventional trials of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transfer will help translate our understanding of the gut microbiome in food allergy to clinical practice. Future work in this area will include deepening of current research foci, as well as expansion of efforts to include the virome, mycobiome, and interactions between the microbiome, host, and environment. Robust and consistent study designs, multidimensional profiling, and systems biology approaches will enable this future work. CONCLUSION: By advancing research on the microbiome in food allergy, we can further our understanding of food allergy and derive new approaches for its prevention and therapy.
OBJECTIVE: To review observational human, murine, and interventional trial studies that have examined the gut microbiome in food allergy, and to provide perspective on future investigations in this field. DATA SOURCES: A review of the published literature was performed with PubMed, and clinical studies catalogued at ClinicalTrials.gov were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTIONS: The most recent relevant studies, seminal works, and topical clinical trials were selected. RESULTS: Gut dysbiosis likely precedes the development of food allergy, and the timing of such dysbiosis is critical. Gut microbiota associated with individual food allergies may be distinct. Murine models support the importance of gut microbiota in shaping immune maturation and tolerance. Gut microbiota may affect food allergy susceptibility by modulating type 2 immunity, influencing immune development and tolerance, regulating basophil populations, and promoting intestinal barrier function. Ongoing and future interventional trials of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transfer will help translate our understanding of the gut microbiome in food allergy to clinical practice. Future work in this area will include deepening of current research foci, as well as expansion of efforts to include the virome, mycobiome, and interactions between the microbiome, host, and environment. Robust and consistent study designs, multidimensional profiling, and systems biology approaches will enable this future work. CONCLUSION: By advancing research on the microbiome in food allergy, we can further our understanding of food allergy and derive new approaches for its prevention and therapy.
Authors: Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo; Hui Xing Lau; Noor Hidayatul Aini Suaini; Lydia Su Yin Wong; Anne Eng Neo Goh; Oon Hoe Teoh; Hugo Ps Van Bever; Lynette Pei-Chi Shek; Bee Wah Lee; Kok Hian Tan; Keith M Godfrey; Johan Gunnar Eriksson; Yap Seng Chong; Elizabeth Huiwen Tham Journal: Pediatr Allergy Immunol Date: 2021-03-20 Impact factor: 6.377