Claire L Leiser1, Heidi A Hanson2, Kara Sawyer3, Jacob Steenblik3, Ragheed Al-Dulaimi4, Troy Madsen3, Karen Gibbins5, James M Hotaling6, Yetunde Oluseye Ibrahim7, James A VanDerslice8, Matthew Fuller3. 1. Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah. Electronic address: claire.leiser@hci.utah.edu. 2. Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 3. Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 4. Department of Internal Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan; College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. 6. Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 8. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between acute exposure to air pollutants and spontaneous pregnancy loss. DESIGN: Case-crossover study from 2007 to 2015. SETTING: An academic emergency department in the Wasatch Front area of Utah. PATIENT(S): A total of 1,398 women who experienced spontaneous pregnancy loss events. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Odds of spontaneous pregnancy loss. RESULT(S): We found that a 10-ppb increase in 7-day average levels of nitrogen dioxide was associated with a 16% increase in the odds of spontaneous pregnancy loss (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.33; P=.04). A 10-μg/m3 increase in 3-day and 7-day averages of fine particulate matter were associated with increased risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss, but the associations did not reach statistical significance (OR3-day average = 1.09; 95% CI 0.99-1.20; P=.05) (OR7-day average = 1.11; 95% CI 0.99-1.24; P=.06). We found no evidence of increased risk for any other metrics of nitrogen dioxide or fine particulate matter or any metric for ozone. CONCLUSIONS: We found that short-term exposure to elevated levels of air pollutants was associated with higher risk for spontaneous pregnancy loss.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between acute exposure to air pollutants and spontaneous pregnancy loss. DESIGN: Case-crossover study from 2007 to 2015. SETTING: An academic emergency department in the Wasatch Front area of Utah. PATIENT(S): A total of 1,398 women who experienced spontaneous pregnancy loss events. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Odds of spontaneous pregnancy loss. RESULT(S): We found that a 10-ppb increase in 7-day average levels of nitrogen dioxide was associated with a 16% increase in the odds of spontaneous pregnancy loss (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.33; P=.04). A 10-μg/m3 increase in 3-day and 7-day averages of fine particulate matter were associated with increased risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss, but the associations did not reach statistical significance (OR3-day average = 1.09; 95% CI 0.99-1.20; P=.05) (OR7-day average = 1.11; 95% CI 0.99-1.24; P=.06). We found no evidence of increased risk for any other metrics of nitrogen dioxide or fine particulate matter or any metric for ozone. CONCLUSIONS: We found that short-term exposure to elevated levels of air pollutants was associated with higher risk for spontaneous pregnancy loss.
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