Alexander Kainz1, Carolin Berner2, Robin Ristl3, Amrei Simon1, Tanja Stamm4, Emanuel Zitt5, Reinhard Kramar6, Marlies Antlanger1, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer7, Sabine Schmaldienst2, Eva Schernhammer8,9, Friedrich K Port10, Juan Jesus Carrero11, Kitty J Jager12, Manfred Hecking1. 1. Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 2. First Medical Department, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Süd, Vienna, Austria. 3. Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 4. Section for Outcomes Research, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 5. Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria. 6. Austrian Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Rohr im Kremstal, Austria. 7. Gender Medicine Unit, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 8. Center for Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 9. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 10. Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 11. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Gender Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 12. European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease among women, more men than women start renal replacement therapy (RRT). We hypothesized that gender differences in health care access exist and therefore aimed at determining whether characteristics and outcomes of haemodialysis patients over time differ by sex. METHODS: We studied all 28 323 adults who began haemodialysis during 1965-2014 in the Austrian Dialysis Registry, analysing trends in patient characteristics by sex and decade with mortality (via Cox regression), which was compared with the mortality of the Austrian general population. RESULTS: More men than women started haemodialysis (60.1% men versus 39.9% women overall), with minor differences among decades and age groups. The male:female mortality rate ratio in the general population ranged from 1.2 to 2.4 for age groups >18 years and in haemodialysis patients ranged from 0.80 to 1.3 (closer to 1 than in the general population, but consistently >1 in Decades 3-5). In recent decades, diabetes and hypertension replaced glomerulonephritis as the primary cause of end-stage renal disease in both men and women. Interaction analyses showed the mortality risk associated with haemodialysis access (only recorded in Decade 5) was significantly lower for men than for women. CONCLUSIONS: The male:female mortality rate ratio and the proportion of women starting haemodialysis were remarkably stable, which does not support the hypothesis of gender differences in health care/haemodialysis access or could imply that such differences might have persisted over decades. Future research should expand to other countries and other forms of RRT.
BACKGROUND: Despite a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease among women, more men than women start renal replacement therapy (RRT). We hypothesized that gender differences in health care access exist and therefore aimed at determining whether characteristics and outcomes of haemodialysis patients over time differ by sex. METHODS: We studied all 28 323 adults who began haemodialysis during 1965-2014 in the Austrian Dialysis Registry, analysing trends in patient characteristics by sex and decade with mortality (via Cox regression), which was compared with the mortality of the Austrian general population. RESULTS: More men than women started haemodialysis (60.1% men versus 39.9% women overall), with minor differences among decades and age groups. The male:female mortality rate ratio in the general population ranged from 1.2 to 2.4 for age groups >18 years and in haemodialysis patients ranged from 0.80 to 1.3 (closer to 1 than in the general population, but consistently >1 in Decades 3-5). In recent decades, diabetes and hypertension replaced glomerulonephritis as the primary cause of end-stage renal disease in both men and women. Interaction analyses showed the mortality risk associated with haemodialysis access (only recorded in Decade 5) was significantly lower for men than for women. CONCLUSIONS: The male:female mortality rate ratio and the proportion of women starting haemodialysis were remarkably stable, which does not support the hypothesis of gender differences in health care/haemodialysis access or could imply that such differences might have persisted over decades. Future research should expand to other countries and other forms of RRT.
Authors: Michal J Lewandowski; Simon Krenn; Amelie Kurnikowski; Philipp Bretschneider; Martina Sattler; Elisabeth Schwaiger; Marlies Antlanger; Philipp Gauckler; Markus Pirklbauer; Maria Brunner; Sabine Horn; Emanuel Zitt; Bernhard Kirsch; Martin Windpessl; Manfred Wallner; Ida Aringer; Martin Wiesholzer; Manfred Hecking; Sebastian Hödlmoser Journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr Date: 2022-08-31 Impact factor: 2.275
Authors: Manfred Hecking; Charlotte Tu; Jarcy Zee; Brian Bieber; Sebastian Hödlmoser; Helmut Reichel; Ricardo Sesso; Friedrich K Port; Bruce M Robinson; Juan Jesus Carrero; Allison Tong; Christian Combe; Bénédicte Stengel; Roberto Pecoits-Filho Journal: Kidney Int Rep Date: 2021-12-01
Authors: Sebastian Hödlmoser; Juan Jesus Carrero; Amelie Kurnikowski; Edouard L Fu; Oskar Swartling; Wolfgang C Winkelmayer; Eva S Schernhammer; Manfred Hecking Journal: Kidney Int Rep Date: 2021-12-27
Authors: Sebastian Hödlmoser; Wolfgang C Winkelmayer; Jarcy Zee; Roberto Pecoits-Filho; Ronald L Pisoni; Friedrich K Port; Bruce M Robinson; Robin Ristl; Simon Krenn; Amelie Kurnikowski; Michał Lewandowski; Allison Ton; Juan Jesus Carrero; Eva S Schernhammer; Manfred Hecking Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-12-18 Impact factor: 3.752