Gunduz Ahmad Ahmadov1, Denira Govender2, Mark Alvin Atkinson3, Rumiyya Anvar Sultanova4, Amalia Abdulla Eubova5, Clive Henry Wasserfall6, Steven John Mack7, Julie Ann Lane7, Janelle Annette Noble7, Graham David Ogle8. 1. Endocrine Centre, Binagadi, Baku City, Azerbaijan; 6th Children's Hospital, Baku City, Azerbaijan; Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku City, Azerbaijan. 2. International Diabetes Federation Life for a Child Program, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia. 3. Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. 4. 6th Children's Hospital, Baku City, Azerbaijan. 5. Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku City, Azerbaijan. 6. Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. 7. Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA. 8. International Diabetes Federation Life for a Child Program, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; Diabetes NSW, Glebe 2037, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: grahamo@diabetesnsw.com.au.
Abstract
AIMS: Determine the incidence and typology of diabetes in children in Azerbaijan. METHODS: Clinical features, C-peptide, autoantibodies (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and islet antigen 2 (IA-2)), and HLA-DRB1 status were studied in 106 subjects <18 years of age who were recently diagnosed. 104 cases were consecutive. Incidence was determined for Baku and Absheron regions, where ascertainment is estimated to be essentially 100%. RESULTS: 104 of the 106 (98%) were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, one with type 2 diabetes and one with atypical diabetes. Type 1 diabetes incidence in Baku City and Absheron was 7.05 per 100,000 population <15 years per year. Peak age of onset was 10 years. There was a slight male preponderance (male:female 1.17:1), and no temporal association with seasons. Almost all type 1 diabetes subjects presented with classic symptoms including a high incidence (58%) of diabetic ketoacidosis. 86% presented with low C-peptide values (<0.13 nmol/L, <0.40 ng/mL) and 74% were positive for at least one type 1 diabetes-related autoantibody. CONCLUSIONS: Azerbaijan has a moderate type 1 diabetes incidence and clinical, biochemical and genetic features similar to that in European populations.
AIMS: Determine the incidence and typology of diabetes in children in Azerbaijan. METHODS: Clinical features, C-peptide, autoantibodies (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and islet antigen 2 (IA-2)), and HLA-DRB1 status were studied in 106 subjects <18 years of age who were recently diagnosed. 104 cases were consecutive. Incidence was determined for Baku and Absheron regions, where ascertainment is estimated to be essentially 100%. RESULTS: 104 of the 106 (98%) were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, one with type 2 diabetes and one with atypical diabetes. Type 1 diabetes incidence in Baku City and Absheron was 7.05 per 100,000 population <15 years per year. Peak age of onset was 10 years. There was a slight male preponderance (male:female 1.17:1), and no temporal association with seasons. Almost all type 1 diabetes subjects presented with classic symptoms including a high incidence (58%) of diabetic ketoacidosis. 86% presented with low C-peptide values (<0.13 nmol/L, <0.40 ng/mL) and 74% were positive for at least one type 1 diabetes-related autoantibody. CONCLUSIONS: Azerbaijan has a moderate type 1 diabetes incidence and clinical, biochemical and genetic features similar to that in European populations.
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