Xiang Xu1,2, Jiadi Xu1,2, Kannie W Y Chan1,2,3, Jing Liu1,4, Huanling Liu1,5, Yuguo Li1,2, Lin Chen1,2,6, Guanshu Liu1,2, Peter C M van Zijl1,2. 1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 2. F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland. 3. Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. 4. Radiology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China. 5. Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China. 6. Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine the detection sensitivity for the rapidly exchanging hydroxyl protons of D-glucose using the recently developed on-resonance variable delay multi-pulse (onVDMP) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) technique. METHODS: The onVDMP method was applied for the detection of water signal changes upon venous D-glucose infusion in mice with 9L glioma xenografts. The effect size of onVDMP MRI during infusion was compared with that of conventional continuous wave (CW) CEST MRI. RESULTS: Both methods highlighted the tumor and the blood vessels on D-glucose infusion. In interleaved studies, the mean signal changes detected by onVDMP were found to be 1.8 times higher than those by CW-CEST, attributed to its high labeling efficiency for fast exchanging protons and the labeling of the OH protons over a larger frequency range. CONCLUSIONS: The onVDMP method is a more sensitive technique for the detection of exogenous CEST agents with fast-exchanging protons compared to CW-CEST MRI.
PURPOSE: To examine the detection sensitivity for the rapidly exchanging hydroxyl protons of D-glucose using the recently developed on-resonance variable delay multi-pulse (onVDMP) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) technique. METHODS: The onVDMP method was applied for the detection of water signal changes upon venous D-glucose infusion in mice with 9L glioma xenografts. The effect size of onVDMP MRI during infusion was compared with that of conventional continuous wave (CW) CEST MRI. RESULTS: Both methods highlighted the tumor and the blood vessels on D-glucose infusion. In interleaved studies, the mean signal changes detected by onVDMP were found to be 1.8 times higher than those by CW-CEST, attributed to its high labeling efficiency for fast exchanging protons and the labeling of the OH protons over a larger frequency range. CONCLUSIONS: The onVDMP method is a more sensitive technique for the detection of exogenous CEST agents with fast-exchanging protons compared to CW-CEST MRI.
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