Literature DB >> 30002908

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of ethane-1,2-diaminium 3-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-di-phenyl-propan-2-yl-idene)hydrazin-yl]-5-nitro-2-oxido-benzene-sulfonate dihydrate.

Zeliha Atioğlu1, Mehmet Akkurt2, Flavien A A Toze3, Fatali E Huseynov4, Sarvinaz F Hajiyeva5.   

Abstract

In the anion of the title hydrated salt, C2H10N22+·C21H13N3O8S2-·2H2O, the planes of the phenyl rings and the benzene ring of the 5-nitro-2-oxido-benzene-sulfonate group are inclined to one another by 44.42 (11), 56.87 (11) and 77.70 (12)°. In the crystal, the anions are linked to the cations and the water mol-ecules by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. Furthermore, there are face-to-face π-π stacking inter-actions between the centroids of one phenyl ring and the benzene ring of the 5-nitro-2-oxido-benzene-sulfonate group [centroid-centroid distance = 3.8382 (13) Å and slippage = 1.841 Å]. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was conducted to verify the contributions of the different inter-molecular inter-actions.

Entities:  

Keywords:  5-nitro-2-oxido­benzene­sulfonate group; Hirshfeld surface analysis; crystal structure; hydrogen bond; π–π stacking

Year:  2018        PMID: 30002908      PMCID: PMC6038648          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018009118

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Aryl­hydrazones of β-diketones (AHBD) and their complexes have attracted much attention due to their synthetic potential for organic and inorganic chemistries and diverse useful properties (Gurbanov et al., 2017a ▸,b ▸; Jlassi et al., 2014 ▸, 2018 ▸; Ma et al., 2017a ▸,b ▸; Mahmudov & Pombeiro, 2016 ▸; Mahmudov et al., 2014 ▸, 2017a ▸,b ▸). Usually, AHBDs have strong intra­molecular resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding (RAHB), which has a more profound effect on their reactivity (Mahmudov et al., 2016 ▸) than regular hydrogen bonding and other types of noncovalent inter­actions (Ledenyova et al., 2018 ▸; Mahmoudi et al., 2016 ▸, 2018 ▸; Nasirova et al., 2017 ▸; Politzer et al., 2017 ▸; Scheiner, 2013 ▸; Shixaliyev et al., 2018 ▸; Vandyshev et al., 2017 ▸). Herein we found the strong RAHB and inter­molecular charge-assisted hydrogen bonding that was expected in the title hydrated salt ethane-1,2-diaminium 3-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-di­phenyl­propan-2-yl­idene)hydrazin­yl]-5-nitro-2-oxido­benzene­sulfonate dihydrate.

Structural commentary

In the anion of the title salt (Fig. 1 ▸), the planes of the phenyl rings (C9–C14 and C16–C21) and the benzene ring (C1–C6) of the 5-nitro-2-oxido­benzene­sulfonate group are inclined to one another by 44.42 (11), 56.87 (11) and 77.70 (12)°, respectively. The torsion angles O1—C2—C1—N1, C1—N1—N2—C7, N1—N2—C7—C8, N2—C7—C8—O7, N2—C7—C8—C9, N2—C7—C15—O8, N2—C7—C15—C16, C7—C15—C16—C17 and O8—C15—C16—C17 are 2.7 (3), −178.65 (19), −2.0 (3), −9.5 (3), 166.9 (2), 133.9 (2), −44.9 (3), −21.3 (3) and 159.9 (2)°, respectively. Therefore, the mol­ecular conformation of the title compound is not planar. The values of the geometric parameters of the title compound are within normal ranges (Allen et al., 1987 ▸).
Figure 1

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. H atoms are shown as spheres of arbitrary radius.

Supra­molecular features and Hirshfeld surface analysis

In the crystal structure of the title compound, the anions are linked to the cations and two water mol­ecules by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network (Table 1 ▸ and Fig. 2 ▸). Furthermore, there are face-to-face π–π stacking inter­actions between the centroids of one phenyl ring (atoms C1–C6, Cg1) and the benzene ring of the 5-nitro-2-oxido­benzene­sulfonate group (Cg2) [Cg1⋯Cg2a = 3.8382 (13) Å and slippage = 1.841 Å; symmetry code: (a) x + 1, −y + , z + ].
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
O10—H10A⋯O8i 0.852.102.928 (2)165
O9—H9A⋯O40.851.992.827 (2)169
O9—H9B⋯O2ii 0.852.032.866 (2)170
O10—H10B⋯O4iii 0.852.363.139 (3)152
N1—H1N⋯O70.901.922.568 (2)127
N4—H4A⋯O1ii 0.901.942.826 (2)167
N4—H4B⋯O6iv 0.902.302.960 (2)130
N4—H4B⋯O7ii 0.902.242.797 (2)119
N5—H5B⋯O1ii 0.902.012.864 (2)158
N4—H4B⋯O6iv 0.902.302.960 (2)130
N4—H4B⋯O7ii 0.902.242.797 (2)119
N4—H4C⋯O30.901.862.756 (2)177
N5—H5A⋯O10ii 0.901.982.775 (3)146
N5—H5B⋯O3ii 0.902.322.778 (2)112
N5—H5C⋯O9v 0.901.982.835 (3)159

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) ; (v) .

Figure 2

A view along the a axis of the packing and hydrogen bonding of the title compound.

The Hirshfeld surface mapped over d norm (McKinnon et al., 2004 ▸; Spackman & Jayatilaka, 2009 ▸) for the title compound is depicted in Fig. 3 ▸. The red areas on the surface indicate short contacts as compared to the sum of the van der Waals radii, the blue areas indicate long contacts and the white areas indicate contacts with distances equal to the sum of the van der Waals radii. The highlighted red area shows the O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, which is responsible for connecting anions and cations to each other.
Figure 3

The Hirshfeld surface of the title compound mapped with d norm.

The overall two-dimensional fingerprint plot for the title compound and those delineated into O⋯H/H⋯O, H⋯H, C⋯H/H⋯C, C⋯C and C⋯O/O⋯C contacts are illustrated in Fig. 4 ▸; the percentage contributions from the different inter­atomic contacts to the Hirshfeld surfaces are as follows: O⋯H/H⋯O (39.5%), H⋯H (33.8%), C⋯H/H⋯C (14.5%), C⋯C (4.3%) and C⋯O/O⋯C (2.4%). The contributions of the other weak inter­molecular contacts to the Hirshfeld surfaces are listed in Table 2 ▸. The large number of O⋯H/H⋯O, H⋯H, C⋯H/H⋯C, C⋯C and C⋯O/O⋯C inter­actions suggest that van der Waals inter­actions and hydrogen bonding play the greatest roles in the crystal packing (Hathwar et al., 2015 ▸). A view of the Hirshfeld surface of the title complex plotted over the shape index is given in Fig. 5 ▸.
Figure 4

The two-dimensional fingerprint plots of the title compound, showing (a) all inter­actions, and delineated into (b) H⋯H, (c) O⋯H/H⋯O, (d) H⋯N/N⋯H, (e) C⋯O/O⋯C and (f) C⋯H/H⋯C inter­actions [d e and d i represent the distances from a point on the Hirshfeld surface to the nearest atoms outside (external) and inside (inter­nal) the surface, respectively].

Table 2

Percentage contributions of inter­atomic contacts to the Hirshfeld surface for the title compound

ContactPercentage contribution
O⋯H/H⋯H39.5
H⋯H33.8
C⋯H/H⋯C14.5
C⋯C4.3
C⋯O/O⋯C2.4
N⋯O/O⋯N1.8
C⋯N/N⋯C1.5
N⋯H/H⋯N1.1
O⋯O1.1
Figure 5

View of the three-dimensional Hirshfeld surface of the title complex plotted over shape index.

Synthesis and crystallization

Synthesis of 3-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-di­phenyl­propan-2-yl­idene)hydrazine­yl]-2-hy­droxy-5-nitrobenzene­sulfonic acid (H3 L) and its characterization by elemental analysis, 1H/13C NMR and IR was reported in Kuznik et al. (2011 ▸). 469 mg (1 mmol) of H3 L was dissolved in 30 ml of methanol and 0.06 ml (1 mmol) of ethyl­enedi­amine was added, with stirring for 5 min at room temperature (rt). The reaction mixture was then kept in air at rt for slow evaporation. After ca 2–3 d, orange crystals of the title compound were formed (yield 84%, based on H3 L). The final product was soluble in acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol and di­methyl­formamide (DMF), and insoluble in non-polar solvents. Elemental analysis for C23H27N5O10S, found (calculated) (%): C 48.79 (48.85), H 4.77 (4.81), N 12.27 (12.38). IR (KBr): 3470 ν(OH), 2989 ν(NH), 1667 ν(C=O), 1613 ν(C=O⋯H), 1576 ν(C=N) cm−1. 1H NMR (DMSO, inter­nal TMS): δ 3.86 (4H, 2CH2), 7.32–8.43 (12H, Ar—H), 10.13 (6H, 2NH3), 14.36 (s, 1H, N—H). 13C NMR (DMSO, inter­nal TMS): δ 41.18 (2CH2), 109.43 (2Ar—H), 123.01 (2Ar—H), 127.72 (2Ar—H), 128.28 (2Ar—H), 130.35 (Ar—H), 132.52 (Ar—H), 132.67 (Ar—H), 132.88 (Ar—H), 133.13 (Ar—H), 133.57 (Ar—CO), 133.80 (Ar—CO), 134.25 (C=N), 137.89 (Ar—SO3 −), 143.38 (Ar—NH—N), 146.15 (Ar-NO2), 160.72 (Ar—O−), 191.37 (C=O), 191.89 (C=O).

Refinement details

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3 ▸. All H atoms were placed in geometrically idealized positions and constrained to ride on their parent atoms, with O—H = 0.85 Å, N—H = 0.90 Å and C—H = 0.93–0.97 Å, and U iso(H) = 1.5U eq(O) and 1.2U eq(C,N).
Table 3

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC2H10N2 2+·C21H13N3O8S2−·2H2O
M r 565.55
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)296
a, b, c (Å)7.0590 (6), 23.851 (2), 15.3622 (13)
β (°)93.337 (3)
V3)2582.1 (4)
Z 4
Radiation typeMo Kα
μ (mm−1)0.19
Crystal size (mm)0.26 × 0.15 × 0.08
 
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker APEXII CCD
Absorption correctionMulti-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2007)
T min, T max 0.946, 0.975
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections41494, 4930, 3559
R int 0.083
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.611
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.043, 0.112, 1.02
No. of reflections4930
No. of parameters352
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.37, −0.34

Computer programs: APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker, 2007 ▸), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), SHELXL2018 (Sheldrick, 2015 ▸), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012 ▸) and PLATON (Spek, 2009 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018009118/qm2125sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018009118/qm2125Isup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018009118/qm2125Isup3.cml CCDC reference: 1851087 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C2H10N22+·C21H13N3O8S2·2H2OF(000) = 1184
Mr = 565.55Dx = 1.455 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 7.0590 (6) ÅCell parameters from 7684 reflections
b = 23.851 (2) Åθ = 2.7–25.0°
c = 15.3622 (13) ŵ = 0.19 mm1
β = 93.337 (3)°T = 296 K
V = 2582.1 (4) Å3Plate, orange
Z = 40.26 × 0.15 × 0.08 mm
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer3559 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
φ and ω scansRint = 0.083
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2007)θmax = 25.8°, θmin = 2.7°
Tmin = 0.946, Tmax = 0.975h = −8→8
41494 measured reflectionsk = −29→29
4930 independent reflectionsl = −18→17
Refinement on F20 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.043H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.112w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.053P)2 + 0.9465P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.02(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
4930 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.37 e Å3
352 parametersΔρmin = −0.34 e Å3
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
C10.1741 (3)0.76729 (8)0.65426 (13)0.0333 (5)
C20.2217 (3)0.82248 (8)0.62626 (12)0.0288 (4)
C30.3962 (3)0.84445 (8)0.66401 (12)0.0299 (4)
C40.5152 (3)0.81269 (10)0.71878 (13)0.0375 (5)
H40.6302390.8272770.7409850.045*
C50.4612 (3)0.75882 (10)0.74031 (14)0.0411 (5)
C60.2903 (3)0.73575 (9)0.70886 (14)0.0408 (5)
H60.2558320.6996670.7245750.049*
C7−0.2184 (3)0.67860 (9)0.59205 (13)0.0364 (5)
C8−0.3471 (3)0.71352 (9)0.53687 (14)0.0374 (5)
C9−0.5092 (3)0.68929 (9)0.48251 (13)0.0369 (5)
C10−0.5022 (3)0.63658 (10)0.44507 (15)0.0451 (6)
H10−0.3974200.6135990.4568410.054*
C11−0.6522 (4)0.61810 (11)0.38988 (17)0.0572 (7)
H11−0.6462090.5830200.3637660.069*
C12−0.8086 (4)0.65112 (12)0.37366 (17)0.0595 (7)
H12−0.9096170.6381380.3376200.071*
C13−0.8166 (4)0.70340 (12)0.41054 (17)0.0566 (7)
H13−0.9234650.7257230.3997610.068*
C14−0.6665 (3)0.72290 (10)0.46357 (15)0.0450 (6)
H14−0.6707970.7588540.4867950.054*
C15−0.2678 (3)0.62089 (9)0.62050 (13)0.0379 (5)
C16−0.1207 (3)0.57670 (8)0.62333 (13)0.0365 (5)
C170.0414 (3)0.57992 (10)0.57562 (16)0.0489 (6)
H170.0607410.6111970.5410970.059*
C180.1726 (4)0.53723 (11)0.57924 (19)0.0602 (7)
H180.2780000.5392260.5457670.072*
C190.1484 (4)0.49156 (11)0.63225 (18)0.0587 (7)
H190.2393170.4632950.6359470.070*
C20−0.0099 (4)0.48781 (10)0.67960 (16)0.0499 (6)
H20−0.0257640.4569670.7154760.060*
C21−0.1450 (3)0.52920 (9)0.67446 (14)0.0414 (5)
H21−0.2537320.5255670.7053620.050*
C220.8316 (3)0.90536 (10)0.39177 (16)0.0473 (6)
H22A0.8245650.9441790.4101470.057*
H22B0.7402220.9000970.3428110.057*
C231.0255 (3)0.89378 (11)0.36299 (15)0.0492 (6)
H23A1.0443200.8535560.3598540.059*
H23B1.0368560.9090750.3050230.059*
N1−0.0004 (3)0.74786 (7)0.61817 (11)0.0383 (4)
H1N−0.0648880.7724750.5833170.046*
N2−0.0546 (3)0.69610 (7)0.62829 (11)0.0385 (4)
N30.5811 (4)0.72606 (10)0.79974 (13)0.0586 (6)
N40.7806 (2)0.86879 (8)0.46401 (12)0.0400 (4)
H4A0.8770100.8650310.5045910.048*
H4B0.7408700.8357410.4413510.048*
H4C0.6843900.8837110.4921810.048*
N51.1737 (2)0.91827 (8)0.42271 (12)0.0439 (5)
H5A1.2858580.9202950.3978810.053*
H5B1.1859580.8996050.4736410.053*
H5C1.1495750.9545250.4339510.053*
O10.11362 (19)0.84871 (6)0.57058 (9)0.0358 (3)
O20.3021 (2)0.94939 (7)0.66294 (12)0.0558 (5)
O30.4796 (2)0.91527 (7)0.54483 (10)0.0464 (4)
O40.6324 (2)0.92621 (8)0.68812 (11)0.0623 (5)
O50.7429 (3)0.74247 (10)0.81985 (14)0.0839 (7)
O60.5162 (4)0.68241 (9)0.83004 (13)0.0827 (7)
O7−0.3171 (2)0.76438 (6)0.53110 (11)0.0495 (4)
O8−0.4290 (2)0.61161 (7)0.64236 (12)0.0555 (5)
O90.9258 (2)0.96664 (7)0.58733 (11)0.0505 (4)
H9A0.8464280.9501890.6181110.076*
H9B1.0312190.9590990.6143510.076*
O100.4185 (3)0.94367 (8)0.29341 (12)0.0612 (5)
H10A0.4410720.9254490.2475590.092*
H10B0.4326620.9785190.2841490.092*
S10.45667 (7)0.91402 (2)0.63830 (3)0.03736 (16)
U11U22U33U12U13U23
C10.0437 (12)0.0288 (11)0.0265 (10)−0.0023 (9)−0.0048 (9)0.0007 (8)
C20.0316 (10)0.0282 (10)0.0261 (10)0.0006 (8)−0.0018 (8)0.0003 (8)
C30.0301 (10)0.0344 (11)0.0249 (10)0.0002 (8)−0.0014 (8)−0.0032 (8)
C40.0336 (11)0.0518 (14)0.0264 (11)0.0056 (10)−0.0044 (8)−0.0058 (10)
C50.0521 (13)0.0422 (13)0.0278 (11)0.0167 (11)−0.0074 (10)0.0016 (9)
C60.0630 (15)0.0269 (11)0.0314 (11)0.0034 (10)−0.0058 (10)0.0037 (9)
C70.0476 (13)0.0301 (11)0.0315 (11)−0.0094 (9)0.0016 (9)0.0021 (9)
C80.0470 (12)0.0313 (12)0.0343 (11)−0.0081 (9)0.0062 (9)0.0000 (9)
C90.0461 (12)0.0358 (12)0.0292 (11)−0.0096 (10)0.0061 (9)−0.0004 (9)
C100.0550 (14)0.0399 (13)0.0403 (13)−0.0071 (11)0.0027 (11)−0.0053 (10)
C110.0754 (19)0.0482 (15)0.0479 (15)−0.0201 (14)0.0010 (13)−0.0089 (12)
C120.0593 (17)0.0687 (19)0.0493 (16)−0.0245 (15)−0.0060 (13)0.0022 (13)
C130.0438 (14)0.0718 (19)0.0539 (16)−0.0033 (13)0.0015 (12)0.0090 (14)
C140.0511 (14)0.0435 (13)0.0409 (13)−0.0033 (11)0.0062 (11)−0.0002 (10)
C150.0503 (13)0.0337 (12)0.0297 (11)−0.0117 (10)0.0021 (9)0.0032 (9)
C160.0492 (12)0.0280 (11)0.0319 (11)−0.0118 (9)−0.0014 (9)0.0005 (9)
C170.0588 (15)0.0391 (13)0.0495 (14)−0.0103 (11)0.0094 (12)0.0042 (11)
C180.0558 (16)0.0540 (17)0.0721 (19)−0.0030 (13)0.0160 (14)−0.0007 (14)
C190.0655 (17)0.0432 (15)0.0666 (18)0.0051 (13)−0.0044 (14)−0.0056 (13)
C200.0708 (17)0.0320 (13)0.0455 (14)−0.0066 (12)−0.0066 (12)0.0025 (10)
C210.0564 (14)0.0310 (12)0.0366 (12)−0.0124 (10)0.0018 (10)0.0020 (9)
C220.0426 (13)0.0460 (14)0.0513 (14)−0.0101 (10)−0.0159 (11)0.0175 (11)
C230.0549 (15)0.0589 (15)0.0330 (12)−0.0100 (12)−0.0057 (10)0.0049 (11)
N10.0505 (11)0.0254 (9)0.0376 (10)−0.0106 (8)−0.0093 (8)0.0062 (7)
N20.0524 (11)0.0290 (9)0.0339 (10)−0.0095 (8)−0.0003 (8)0.0043 (8)
N30.0747 (16)0.0610 (15)0.0377 (12)0.0342 (13)−0.0185 (11)−0.0060 (11)
N40.0350 (9)0.0419 (11)0.0417 (10)−0.0091 (8)−0.0088 (8)0.0025 (8)
N50.0325 (9)0.0538 (12)0.0448 (11)−0.0005 (8)−0.0036 (8)0.0119 (9)
O10.0338 (7)0.0317 (8)0.0402 (8)−0.0044 (6)−0.0130 (6)0.0089 (6)
O20.0625 (11)0.0325 (9)0.0735 (12)−0.0020 (8)0.0133 (9)−0.0145 (8)
O30.0416 (9)0.0621 (11)0.0353 (9)−0.0095 (8)−0.0007 (7)0.0085 (7)
O40.0527 (10)0.0841 (14)0.0479 (10)−0.0380 (9)−0.0151 (8)0.0087 (9)
O50.0624 (13)0.1168 (19)0.0691 (14)0.0341 (13)−0.0251 (11)0.0068 (13)
O60.132 (2)0.0472 (12)0.0640 (13)0.0276 (12)−0.0364 (13)0.0117 (10)
O70.0617 (10)0.0296 (9)0.0552 (10)−0.0094 (7)−0.0123 (8)0.0046 (7)
O80.0529 (11)0.0488 (10)0.0659 (12)−0.0097 (8)0.0134 (9)0.0171 (9)
O90.0475 (9)0.0469 (10)0.0573 (10)−0.0050 (7)0.0047 (8)0.0065 (8)
O100.0683 (12)0.0507 (11)0.0672 (12)0.0072 (9)0.0248 (9)0.0019 (9)
S10.0352 (3)0.0414 (3)0.0351 (3)−0.0143 (2)−0.0016 (2)−0.0014 (2)
C1—C61.365 (3)C17—H170.9300
C1—N11.400 (3)C18—C191.377 (4)
C1—C21.431 (3)C18—H180.9300
C2—O11.276 (2)C19—C201.371 (4)
C2—C31.430 (3)C19—H190.9300
C3—C41.380 (3)C20—C211.372 (3)
C3—S11.764 (2)C20—H200.9300
C4—C51.386 (3)C21—H210.9300
C4—H40.9300C22—N41.473 (3)
C5—C61.387 (3)C22—C231.489 (3)
C5—N31.439 (3)C22—H22A0.9700
C6—H60.9300C22—H22B0.9700
C7—N21.321 (3)C23—N51.472 (3)
C7—C81.466 (3)C23—H23A0.9700
C7—C151.492 (3)C23—H23B0.9700
C8—O71.236 (2)N1—N21.305 (2)
C8—C91.493 (3)N1—H1N0.8999
C9—C101.385 (3)N3—O51.230 (3)
C9—C141.387 (3)N3—O61.239 (3)
C10—C111.389 (3)N4—H4A0.9000
C10—H100.9300N4—H4B0.9000
C11—C121.367 (4)N4—H4C0.8999
C11—H110.9300N5—H5A0.8999
C12—C131.372 (4)N5—H5B0.9000
C12—H120.9300N5—H5C0.8999
C13—C141.379 (4)O2—S11.4468 (17)
C13—H130.9300O3—S11.4546 (16)
C14—H140.9300O4—S11.4484 (16)
C15—O81.225 (3)O9—H9A0.8500
C15—C161.479 (3)O9—H9B0.8498
C16—C211.395 (3)O10—H10A0.8505
C16—C171.396 (3)O10—H10B0.8502
C17—C181.376 (4)
C6—C1—N1123.00 (19)C17—C18—C19120.2 (3)
C6—C1—C2123.24 (19)C17—C18—H18119.9
N1—C1—C2113.73 (17)C19—C18—H18119.9
O1—C2—C3124.02 (18)C20—C19—C18119.9 (3)
O1—C2—C1120.68 (17)C20—C19—H19120.1
C3—C2—C1115.29 (17)C18—C19—H19120.1
C4—C3—C2121.70 (19)C19—C20—C21120.5 (2)
C4—C3—S1120.40 (16)C19—C20—H20119.7
C2—C3—S1117.90 (14)C21—C20—H20119.7
C3—C4—C5119.2 (2)C20—C21—C16120.6 (2)
C3—C4—H4120.4C20—C21—H21119.7
C5—C4—H4120.4C16—C21—H21119.7
C4—C5—C6122.05 (19)N4—C22—C23112.52 (19)
C4—C5—N3119.7 (2)N4—C22—H22A109.1
C6—C5—N3118.2 (2)C23—C22—H22A109.1
C1—C6—C5118.4 (2)N4—C22—H22B109.1
C1—C6—H6120.8C23—C22—H22B109.1
C5—C6—H6120.8H22A—C22—H22B107.8
N2—C7—C8124.18 (19)N5—C23—C22111.9 (2)
N2—C7—C15112.46 (19)N5—C23—H23A109.2
C8—C7—C15123.10 (19)C22—C23—H23A109.2
O7—C8—C7119.8 (2)N5—C23—H23B109.2
O7—C8—C9117.9 (2)C22—C23—H23B109.2
C7—C8—C9122.19 (19)H23A—C23—H23B107.9
C10—C9—C14119.0 (2)N2—N1—C1121.57 (18)
C10—C9—C8122.6 (2)N2—N1—H1N123.1
C14—C9—C8118.2 (2)C1—N1—H1N115.0
C9—C10—C11119.8 (2)N1—N2—C7120.29 (18)
C9—C10—H10120.1O5—N3—O6122.1 (2)
C11—C10—H10120.1O5—N3—C5119.4 (3)
C12—C11—C10120.5 (3)O6—N3—C5118.5 (2)
C12—C11—H11119.8C22—N4—H4A111.9
C10—C11—H11119.8C22—N4—H4B108.2
C11—C12—C13120.0 (2)H4A—N4—H4B112.8
C11—C12—H12120.0C22—N4—H4C110.6
C13—C12—H12120.0H4A—N4—H4C105.5
C12—C13—C14120.1 (3)H4B—N4—H4C107.8
C12—C13—H13120.0C23—N5—H5A111.6
C14—C13—H13120.0C23—N5—H5B112.0
C13—C14—C9120.5 (2)H5A—N5—H5B110.6
C13—C14—H14119.8C23—N5—H5C111.4
C9—C14—H14119.8H5A—N5—H5C102.2
O8—C15—C16121.69 (19)H5B—N5—H5C108.6
O8—C15—C7118.9 (2)H9A—O9—H9B102.6
C16—C15—C7119.36 (19)H10A—O10—H10B109.4
C21—C16—C17118.1 (2)O2—S1—O4112.35 (11)
C21—C16—C15119.1 (2)O2—S1—O3112.05 (11)
C17—C16—C15122.75 (19)O4—S1—O3112.11 (10)
C18—C17—C16120.6 (2)O2—S1—C3107.09 (10)
C18—C17—H17119.7O4—S1—C3106.34 (10)
C16—C17—H17119.7O3—S1—C3106.41 (9)
C6—C1—C2—O1175.3 (2)N2—C7—C15—O8133.9 (2)
N1—C1—C2—O1−2.7 (3)C8—C7—C15—O8−40.5 (3)
C6—C1—C2—C3−3.9 (3)N2—C7—C15—C16−44.9 (3)
N1—C1—C2—C3178.05 (17)C8—C7—C15—C16140.7 (2)
O1—C2—C3—C4−174.87 (19)O8—C15—C16—C21−19.0 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C44.3 (3)C7—C15—C16—C21159.75 (19)
O1—C2—C3—S15.0 (3)O8—C15—C16—C17159.9 (2)
C1—C2—C3—S1−175.82 (14)C7—C15—C16—C17−21.3 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C5−2.4 (3)C21—C16—C17—C180.1 (3)
S1—C3—C4—C5177.78 (16)C15—C16—C17—C18−178.8 (2)
C3—C4—C5—C6−0.3 (3)C16—C17—C18—C19−2.1 (4)
C3—C4—C5—N3−177.87 (19)C17—C18—C19—C202.0 (4)
N1—C1—C6—C5179.35 (19)C18—C19—C20—C210.2 (4)
C2—C1—C6—C51.5 (3)C19—C20—C21—C16−2.2 (4)
C4—C5—C6—C10.8 (3)C17—C16—C21—C202.0 (3)
N3—C5—C6—C1178.33 (19)C15—C16—C21—C20−179.0 (2)
N2—C7—C8—O7−9.5 (3)N4—C22—C23—N5−77.7 (3)
C15—C7—C8—O7164.2 (2)C6—C1—N1—N2−6.5 (3)
N2—C7—C8—C9166.9 (2)C2—C1—N1—N2171.52 (18)
C15—C7—C8—C9−19.4 (3)C1—N1—N2—C7−178.65 (19)
O7—C8—C9—C10143.6 (2)C8—C7—N2—N12.0 (3)
C7—C8—C9—C10−32.9 (3)C15—C7—N2—N1−172.29 (18)
O7—C8—C9—C14−31.3 (3)C4—C5—N3—O5−11.5 (3)
C7—C8—C9—C14152.3 (2)C6—C5—N3—O5170.9 (2)
C14—C9—C10—C11−0.4 (3)C4—C5—N3—O6167.5 (2)
C8—C9—C10—C11−175.2 (2)C6—C5—N3—O6−10.2 (3)
C9—C10—C11—C12−1.4 (4)C4—C3—S1—O2−123.34 (17)
C10—C11—C12—C131.4 (4)C2—C3—S1—O256.81 (18)
C11—C12—C13—C140.4 (4)C4—C3—S1—O4−3.0 (2)
C12—C13—C14—C9−2.2 (4)C2—C3—S1—O4177.11 (16)
C10—C9—C14—C132.1 (3)C4—C3—S1—O3116.66 (17)
C8—C9—C14—C13177.2 (2)C2—C3—S1—O3−63.19 (17)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O10—H10A···O8i0.852.102.928 (2)165
O9—H9A···O40.851.992.827 (2)169
O9—H9B···O2ii0.852.032.866 (2)170
O10—H10B···O4iii0.852.363.139 (3)152
N1—H1N···O70.901.922.568 (2)127
N4—H4A···O1ii0.901.942.826 (2)167
N4—H4B···O6iv0.902.302.960 (2)130
N4—H4B···O7ii0.902.242.797 (2)119
N5—H5B···O1ii0.902.012.864 (2)158
N4—H4B···O6iv0.902.302.960 (2)130
N4—H4B···O7ii0.902.242.797 (2)119
N4—H4C···O30.901.862.756 (2)177
N5—H5A···O10ii0.901.982.775 (3)146
N5—H5B···O3ii0.902.322.778 (2)112
N5—H5C···O9v0.901.982.835 (3)159
  12 in total

1.  Novel tools for visualizing and exploring intermolecular interactions in molecular crystals.

Authors:  Joshua J McKinnon; Mark A Spackman; Anthony S Mitchell
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr B       Date:  2004-11-11

Review 2.  Resonance-Assisted Hydrogen Bonding as a Driving Force in Synthesis and a Synthon in the Design of Materials.

Authors:  Kamran T Mahmudov; Armando J L Pombeiro
Journal:  Chemistry       Date:  2016-08-05       Impact factor: 5.236

3.  Cooperative metal-ligand assisted E/Z isomerization and cyano activation at Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes of arylhydrazones of active methylene nitriles.

Authors:  Kamran T Mahmudov; Maximilian N Kopylovich; Alessandra Sabbatini; Michael G B Drew; Luísa M D R S Martins; Claudio Pettinari; Armando J L Pombeiro
Journal:  Inorg Chem       Date:  2014-08-22       Impact factor: 5.165

4.  The σ-hole revisited.

Authors:  Peter Politzer; Jane S Murray; Timothy Clark; Giuseppe Resnati
Journal:  Phys Chem Chem Phys       Date:  2017-12-13       Impact factor: 3.676

5.  Chalcogen bonding in synthesis, catalysis and design of materials.

Authors:  Kamran T Mahmudov; Maximilian N Kopylovich; M Fátima C Guedes da Silva; Armando J L Pombeiro
Journal:  Dalton Trans       Date:  2017-08-08       Impact factor: 4.390

6.  The pnicogen bond: its relation to hydrogen, halogen, and other noncovalent bonds.

Authors:  Steve Scheiner
Journal:  Acc Chem Res       Date:  2012-11-07       Impact factor: 22.384

7.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

8.  A novel synthetic approach to hydroimidazo[1,5-b]pyridazines by the recyclization of itaconimides and HPLC-HRMS monitoring of the reaction pathway.

Authors:  Dmitry Yu Vandyshev; Khidmet S Shikhaliev; Andrey Yu Potapov; Michael Yu Krysin; Fedor I Zubkov; Lyudmila V Sapronova
Journal:  Beilstein J Org Chem       Date:  2017-11-30       Impact factor: 2.883

9.  Structure validation in chemical crystallography.

Authors:  Anthony L Spek
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr       Date:  2009-01-20

10.  Quantitative analysis of intermolecular interactions in orthorhombic rubrene.

Authors:  Venkatesha R Hathwar; Mattia Sist; Mads R V Jørgensen; Aref H Mamakhel; Xiaoping Wang; Christina M Hoffmann; Kunihisa Sugimoto; Jacob Overgaard; Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Journal:  IUCrJ       Date:  2015-08-14       Impact factor: 4.769

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