| Literature DB >> 29962516 |
Ralf Dittrich1, Sabine Kliesch2, Andreas Schüring3, Magdalena Balcerek4, Dunja M Baston-Büst5, Ramona Beck6, Matthias W Beckmann1, Karolin Behringer7, Anja Borgmann-Staudt4, Wolfgang Cremer8, Christian Denzer9, Thorsten Diemer10, Almut Dorn11, Tanja Fehm5, Rüdiger Gaase12, Ariane Germeyer13, Kristina Geue14, Pirus Ghadjar15, Maren Goeckenjan16, Martin Götte3, Dagmar Guth17, Berthold P Hauffa18, Ute Hehr19, Franc Hetzer20, Jens Hirchenhain5, Wilfried Hoffmann21, Beate Hornemann22, Andreas Jantke23, Heribert Kentenich24, Ludwig Kiesel16, Frank-Michael Köhn25, Matthias Korell26, Sigurd Lax27, Jana Liebenthron28, Michael Lux1, Julia Meißner29, Oliver Micke30, Najib Nassar31, Frank Nawroth32, Verena Nordhoff2, Falk Ochsendorf33, Patricia G Oppelt1, Jörg Pelz34, Beate Rau35, Nicole Reisch36, Dorothea Riesenbeck37, Stefan Schlatt2, Annekathrin Sender14, Roxana Schwab38, Friederike Siedentopf39, Petra Thorn40, Steffen Wagner41, Ludwig Wildt42, Pauline Wimberger16, Tewes Wischmann43, Michael von Wolff44, Laura Lotz1.
Abstract
AIM: The aim of this official guideline published by the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) and coordinated with the German Society of Urology (DGU) and the German Society of Reproductive Medicine (DGRM) is to provide consensus-based recommendations, obtained by evaluating the relevant literature, on counseling and fertility preservation for prepubertal girls and boys as well as patients of reproductive age. Statements and recommendations for girls and women are presented below. Statements or recommendations for boys and men are not the focus of this guideline.Entities:
Keywords: fertility preservation; guideline; oncologic diseases
Year: 2018 PMID: 29962516 PMCID: PMC6018069 DOI: 10.1055/a-0611-5549
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Table 1 Authors and representativity of the guideline group: participation of the target user group.
| Author | DGGG working group/AWMF/non-AWMF professional society/organization/association |
|---|---|
| Dr. med. Magdalena Balcerek | Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology [Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie e. V.] (GPOH) |
| Ramona Beck | Self-help Group for Women after Cancer [Frauenselbsthilfe nach Krebs e. V.] |
| Prof. Dr. med. Matthias W. Beckmann | Expert |
| Dr. med. Karolin Behringer | Working Group for Internal Oncology [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie] (AIO); German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Medizinische Onkologie e. V.] (DGHO) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Anja Borgmann-Sta[udt | German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin e. V.] (DGKJ); Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology [Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie e. V.] (GPOH) |
| Dr. rer. nat. Dunja M. Baston-Büst | German Society of Reproductive Medicine [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Reproduktionsmedizin e. V.] (DGRM) |
| Dr. med. Wolfgang Cremer | Professional Association of Gynecologists [Berufsverband der Frauenärzte e. V.] (BVF) |
| Dr. med. Christian Denzer | German Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinderendokrinologie und -diabetologie e. V.] (DGKED) |
| PD Dr. med. Thorsten Diemer | German Society of Urology [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie e. V.] (DGU) |
| Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ralf Dittrich[ | German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe e. V.] (DGGG) |
| Dipl.-Psych. Dr. phil. Almut Dorn | German Society for Psychiatry, Psychotherapie and Psychosomatics [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde e. V.] (DGPPN) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Tanja Fehm | Gynecologic Oncology Working Group [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie e. V.] (AGO) |
| Dr. med. Rüdiger Gaase | Professional Association of Gynecologists (BVF) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Ariane Germeyer | German Society for Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Fortpflanzungsmedizin e. V.] (DGGEF) |
| Dr. rer. med. Kristina Geue | Psycho-Oncology Working Group [Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoonkologie e. V.] (PSO) |
| PD Dr. med. Pirus Ghadjar | German Society of Radio-Oncology [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie e. V.] (DEGRO) |
| Dr. med. Maren Goeckenjan | German Society for Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine (DGGEF) |
| Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Martin Götte | German Society for Endocrinology [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie e. V.] (DGE) |
| Dr. med. Dagmar Guth | Professional Association of Practice-based Gynecologic Oncologists in Germany [Berufsverband Niedergelassener Gynäkologischer Onkologen in Deutschland e. V.] (BNGO) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Berthold P. Hauffa | German Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (DGKED) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Ute Hehr | German Society of Human Genetics [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Humangenetik e. V.] (GfH) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Franc Hetzer | German Society of Coloproctology [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Koloproktologie e. V.] (DGK) |
| Dr. rer. nat. Jens Hirchenhain | German Society of Human Reproductive Biology [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Reproduktionsbiologie des Menschen e. V.] (AGRBM) |
| Dr. med. Wilfried Hoffmann | Working Group for Supportive Care in Oncology, Rehabilitation and Social Medicine [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Supportive Maßnahmen in der Onkologie, Rehabilitation und Sozialmedizin e. V.] (ASORS) |
| Dipl.-Psych. Beate Hornemann | Psycho-Oncology Working Group (PSO) |
| Dr. med. Andreas Jantke | Federal Association of Reproductive Medicine Centers in Germany [Bundesverband Reproduktionsmedizinischer Zentren Deutschland e. V.] (BRZ) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Heribert Kentenich | German Society of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe e. V.] (DGPFG) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Frank-Michael Köhn | German Society of Andrology [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Andrologie e. V.] (DGA); German Society for Sexual Medicine, Sexual Therapy and Sexual Science [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sexualmedizin, Sexualtherapie und Sexualwissenschaft e. V.] (DGSMTW) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Ludwig Kiesel | German Society for Endocrinology (DGE) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Sabine Kliesch | German Society of Urology (DGU); Working Group on Urologic Oncology [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Urologische Onkologie e. V.] (AUO) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Korell | Gynecologic Endoscopy Working Group [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Endoskopie e. V.] (AGE) |
| Prof. Prim. Dr. Sigurd Lax | German Society of Pathology [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pathologie e. V.] (DGP); Federal Association of German Pathologists [Bundesverband Deutscher Pathologen e.V] (BVDP) |
| Dr. rer. nat. Jana Liebenthron | FertiPROTEKT Network |
| Dr. med. Laura Lotz | Guidelines secretary |
| Prof. Dr. med. Michael Lux | German Society for Senology [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Senologie e. V.] (DGS) |
| Dr. med. Julia Meißner | Internal Oncology Working Group [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie] (AIO); German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Medizinische Onkologie e. V.] (DGHO) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Oliver Micke | AG PRIo of the DKG [German Cancer Society] |
| Najib Nassar | Federal Association of Reproductive Medicine Centers in Germany (BRZ) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Frank Nawroth | FertiPROTEKT Network |
| PD Dr. rer. nat. Verena Nordhoff | Human Reproductive Biology Working Group [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Reproduktionsbiologie des Menschen e. V.] (AGRBM) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Falk Ochsendorf | German Dermatology Society [Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft e. V.] (DDG) |
| PD Dr. Patricia G. Oppelt | Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Working Group [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kinder- und Jugendgynäkologie e. V.] (AG) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Jörg Pelz | German Society for General and Visceral Surgery [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie e. V.] (DGAV) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Beate Rau | German Society for General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV) |
| PD Dr. med. Nicole Reisch | German Society of Internal Medicine [Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin e. V.] (DGIM) |
| Dr. med. Dorothea Riesenbeck | Working Group for Supportive Care in Oncology, Rehabilitation and Social Medicine (ASORS); German Society of Radio-Oncology (DEGRO) |
| Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Stefan Schlatt | Clinical Research Group for Reproductive Medicine [Klinische Forschergruppe für Reproduktionsmedizin e. V.] |
| PD Dr. Andreas Schüring | German Society of Reproductive Medicine (DGRM) |
| Dr. med. Roxana Schwab | Expert |
| Dip.-Psych. Annekathrin Sender | Expert |
| PD Dr. med. Friederike Siedentopf | German Society of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology (DGPFG) |
| Dr. phil. Petra Thorn | Infertility Counseling Network Germany [Beratungsnetzwerk Kinderwunsch Deutschland e. V.] (BKiD) |
| Dr. med. Steffen Wagner | Professional Association of Practice-based Gynecologic Oncologists in Germany (BNGO) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Ludwig Wildt | German Society for Endocrinology (DGE); Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics [Österreichische Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe e. V.] (OEGGG) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Pauline Wimberger | Expert |
| PD Dr. sc. hum. Tewes Wischmann, Dipl.-Psych. | Infertility Counseling Network Germany (BKiD) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Michael von Wolff | Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics [Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe] (SGGG) |
Table 2 Grading of recommendations.
| Description of level of recommendation | Syntax |
|---|---|
| Strong recommendation, highly binding | must/must not |
| Recommendation, moderately binding | should/should not |
| Open recommendation, not binding | may/may not |
Table 3 Classification on extent of agreement following consensus-based decision-making.
| Symbol | Strength of consensus | Extent of agreement in percent |
|---|---|---|
| +++ | Strong consensus | > 95% of participants agree |
| ++ | Consensus | > 75 – 95% of participants agree |
| + | Majority agreement | > 50 – 75% of participants agree |
| – | No consensus | < 50% of participants agree |
Table 4 Ovarian toxicity of different chemotherapeutic drugs (modified from 4 , 5 ).
| Risk | Regimen/Substance |
|---|---|
| High risk (> 80% risk of permanent amenorrhea) | CMF, CEF, CAF, TAC × 6 for women aged ≥ 40 years Conditioning for stem cell transplantation (particularly alkylating agent-based myeloablative conditioning with busulfan, cyclophosphamide, melphalan) BEACOPP × 6 – 8 for women aged > 35 years |
| Intermediate risk (40 – 60% risk of permanent amenorrhea) | CMF, CEF, CAF, TAC × 6 for women aged 30 – 39 years AC × 4 for women aged ≥ 40 years AC or EC × 4 → taxane BEACOPP × 6 – 8 for women aged 25 – 35 years CHOP × 6 for women aged ≥ 35 years Standard therapies for bone and soft tissue sarcomas |
| Low risk (< 20% risk of permanent amenorrhea) | CMF, CEF, CAF, TAC × 6 for women aged ≤ 30 years AC × 4 for women aged ≤ 40 years BEACOPP × 6 – 8 for women aged < 25 years ABVD × 2 – 4 CHOP × 6 for women aged < 35 years CVP AML-type therapy (anthracyclines/ cytarabine) ALL-type therapy (multi-agent) FOLFOX for women aged ≤ 40 years |
| Very low or no risk of permanent amenorrhea | Methotrexate Fluorouracil Vincristine |
Table 5 Radiotoxicity and ovarian insufficiency (modified from 6 ).
| Effective sterilizing dose (ESD) | Ovarian radiation dose (Gy) |
|---|---|
| No relevant effect | 0.6 |
| No relevant effect at < 40 years | 1.5 |
| 0 years | 20.3 |
| 10 years | 18.4 |
| 20 years | 16.5 |
| 30 years | 14.3 |
| 40 years | 6 |
Fig. 1Flow diagram of potential approaches to protect the fertility of girls and women after the onset of menarche before they start gonadotoxic therapy.
Fig. 2Fertility protection for women based on oncologic therapy and the available timeframe (modified from 1 ).
Table 6 Outcomes for unfertilized oocytes after slow freezing or vitrification (modified from 8 and 9 ).
| Slow freezing | Vitrification | |
|---|---|---|
| Survival rate per unfertilized oocyte after cryopreservation/thawing | 45 – 67% | 80 – 90% |
| Fertilization rate per unfertilized oocyte after cryopreservation/thawing | 54 – 68% | 76 – 83% |
| Clinical pregnancy rate/transfers | 11.6% | 44.9% (p = 0.002) |
| Congenital malformation rate | 0.5% | 1.3% |
Table 7 Survival rate and development of embryos after slow freezing or vitrification (open/closed) (modified from 10 ).
| Slow freezing | Vitrification (open/closed) | |
|---|---|---|
| * p < 0,001 | ||
| Survival rate per embryo after cryopreservation/thawing | 63.8% | 89.4%*/87.6%* |
| Rate of intact morphology of all blastomeres per embryo after cryopreservation/thawing | 44.3% | 80.1%*/76.1%* |
Table 8 Pregnancy outcomes for blastocysts after slow freezing or vitrification (modified from 11 and 8 ).
| Slow freezing | Vitrification | |
|---|---|---|
| * p = significant, ** ARR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.32–1.45, *** ARR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34–1.49 | ||
| Rate of transferred blastocysts per cryopreservation/thawing | 71.4% | 84.5%* |
| Rate of clinical pregnancies per transferred blastocyst | 23.8% | 32.7%** |
| Rate of live births per transferred blastocyst | 17.7% | 24.8%*** |
Table 9 Risk of ovarian metastasis for various tumor types (modified from Dolmans et al. 14 and Bastings et al. 15 ).
| High risk | Moderate risk | Low risk |
|---|---|---|
leukemia neuroblastoma Burkittʼs lymphoma ovarian tumors | stage IV breast cancer (lobular subtypes) bowel cancer endometrial carcinoma gastric cancer cervical adenocarcinoma non-Hodgkinʼs lymphoma Ewingʼs sarcoma | stage I – III breast cancer (ductal subtypes) cervical squamous cell carcinoma Hodgkinʼs lymphoma osteosarcoma non-genital rhabdomyosarcoma Wilmsʼ tumor |
Table 10 Retrospective studies on methods of cryopreservation in women with breast cancer.
| Authors | Study | Number of women | Methods | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lawrenz et al., 2012
| retrospective, single center | n = 56 | ovarian tissue cryopreservation, GnRHa, hormone stimulation and cryopreservation of oocytes, combinations also possible | Germany |
|
Turan et al., 2013
| retrospective cohort study | n = 78 | hormone stimulation and cryopreservation of oocytes | USA |
|
Sigismondi et al., 2015
| retrospective, single center | n = 31 | ovarian tissue cryopreservation, hormone stimulation and cryopreservation of oocytes | Italy |
|
Takae et al., 2015
| retrospective, single center | n = 27 | combination of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and hormone stimulation with cryopreservation of oocytes | Japan |
|
Dahhan et al., 2015
| retrospective, single center | n = 16 | hormone stimulation and cryopreservation of oocytes | Netherlands |
|
Oktay et al., 2015
| retrospective, single center | n = 131 | hormone stimulation with/without letrozole and cryopreservation of oocytes | USA |
Tab. 1 Autoren und Repräsentativität der Leitliniengruppe: Beteiligung der Anwenderzielgruppe.
| Autor/in | DGGG-Arbeitsgemeinschaft (AG)/AWMF/Nicht-AWMF-Fachgesellschaft/Organisation/Verein |
|---|---|
| Dr. med. Magdalena Balcerek | Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie e. V. (GPOH) |
| Ramona Beck | Frauenselbsthilfe nach Krebs e. V. |
| Prof. Dr. med. Matthias W. Beckmann | Experte |
| Dr. med. Karolin Behringer | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Medizinische Onkologie e. V. (DGHO) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Anja Borgmann-Staudt | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin e. V. (DGKJ); Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie e. V. (GPOH) |
| Dr. rer. nat. Dunja M. Baston-Büst | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Reproduktionsmedizin e. V. (DGRM) |
| Dr. med. Wolfgang Cremer | Berufsverband der Frauenärzte e. V. (BVF) |
| Dr. med. Christian Denzer | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinderendokrinologie und -diabetologie e. V. (DGKED) |
| PD Dr. med. Thorsten Diemer | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie e. V. (DGU) |
| Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ralf Dittrich | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe e. V. (DGGG) |
| Dipl.-Psych. Dr. phil. Almut Dorn | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde e. V. (DGPPN) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Tanja Fehm | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie e. V. (AGO) |
| Dr. med. Rüdiger Gaase | Berufsverband der Frauenärzte e. V. (BVF) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Ariane Germeyer | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Fortpflanzungsmedizin e. V. (DGGEF) |
| Dr. rer. med. Kristina Geue | Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoonkologie e. V. (PSO) |
| PD Dr. med. Pirus Ghadjar | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie e. V. (DEGRO) |
| Dr. med. Maren Goeckenjan | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Fortpflanzungsmedizin e. V. (DGGEF) |
| Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Martin Götte | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie e. V. (DGE) |
| Dr. med. Dagmar Guth | Berufsverband Niedergelassener Gynäkologischer Onkologen in Deutschland e. V. (BNGO) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Berthold P. Hauffa | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinderendokrinologie und -diabetologie e. V. (DGKED) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Ute Hehr | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Humangenetik e. V. (GfH) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Franc Hetzer | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Koloproktologie e. V. (DGK) |
| Dr. rer. nat. Jens Hirchenhain | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Reproduktionsbiologie des Menschen e. V. (AGRBM) |
| Dr. med. Wilfried Hoffmann | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Supportive Maßnahmen in der Onkologie, Rehabilitation und Sozialmedizin e. V. (ASORS) |
| Dipl.-Psych. Beate Hornemann | Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoonkologie e. V. (PSO) |
| Dr. med. Andreas Jantke | Bundesverband Reproduktionsmedizinischer Zentren Deutschland e. V. (BRZ) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Heribert Kentenich | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe e. V. (DGPFG) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Frank-Michael Köhn | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Andrologie e. V. (DGA); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sexualmedizin, Sexualtherapie und Sexualwissenschaft e. V. (DGSMTW) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Ludwig Kiesel | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie e. V. (DGE) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Sabine Kliesch | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie e. V. (DGU); Arbeitsgemeinschaft Urologische Onkologie e. V. (AUO) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Korell | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Endoskopie e. V. (AGE) |
| Prof. Prim. Dr. Sigurd Lax | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pathologie e. V. (DGP); Bundesverband Deutscher Pathologen e.V (BVDP) |
| Dr. rer. nat. Jana Liebenthron | Fertiprotekt Netzwerk e. V. |
| Dr. med. Laura Lotz | Leitliniensekretärin |
| Prof. Dr. med. Michael Lux | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Senologie e. V. (DGS) |
| Dr. med. Julia Meißner | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Medizinische Onkologie e. V. (DGHO) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Oliver Micke | AG PRIo der DKG |
| Najib Nassar | Bundesverband Reproduktionsmedizinischer Zentren Deutschland e. V. (BRZ) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Frank Nawroth | Fertiprotekt Netzwerk e. V. |
| PD Dr. rer. nat. Verena Nordhoff | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Reproduktionsbiologie des Menschen e. V. (AGRBM) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Falk Ochsendorf | Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft e. V. (DDG) |
| PD Dr. Patricia G. Oppelt | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kinder- und Jugendgynäkologie e. V. (AG) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Jörg Pelz | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie e. V. (DGAV) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Beate Rau | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie e. V. (DGAV) |
| PD Dr. med. Nicole Reisch | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin e. V. (DGIM) |
| Dr. med. Dorothea Riesenbeck | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Supportive Maßnahmen in der Onkologie, Rehabilitation und Sozialmedizin (ASORS); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie e. V. (DEGRO) |
| Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Stefan Schlatt | Klinische Forschergruppe für Reproduktionsmedizin e. V. |
| PD Dr. Andreas Schüring | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Reproduktionsmedizin e. V. (DGRM) |
| Dr. med. Roxana Schwab | Experte |
| Dip.-Psych. Annekathrin Sender | Experte |
| PD Dr. med. Friederike Siedentopf | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe e. V. (DGPFG) |
| Dr. phil. Petra Thorn | Beratungsnetzwerk Kinderwunsch Deutschland e. V. (BKiD) |
| Dr. med. Steffen Wagner | Berufsverband Niedergelassener Gynäkologischer Onkologen in Deutschland e. V. (BNGO) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Ludwig Wildt | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie e. V. (DGE); Österreichische Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe e. V. (OEGGG) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Pauline Wimberger | Experte |
| PD Dr. sc. hum. Tewes Wischmann, Dipl.-Psych. | Beratungsnetzwerk Kinderwunsch Deutschland e. V. (BKiD) |
| Prof. Dr. med. Michael von Wolff | Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (SGGG) |
Tab. 2 Graduierung von Empfehlungen.
| Beschreibung der Verbindlichkeit | Ausdruck |
|---|---|
| starke Empfehlung mit hoher Verbindlichkeit | soll/soll nicht |
| einfache Empfehlung mit mittlerer Verbindlichkeit | sollte/sollte nicht |
| offene Empfehlung mit geringer Verbindlichkeit | kann/kann nicht |
Tab. 3 Einteilung zur Zustimmung der Konsensusbildung.
| Symbolik | Konsensusstärke | prozentuale Übereinstimmung |
|---|---|---|
| +++ | starker Konsens | Zustimmung von > 95% der Teilnehmer |
| ++ | Konsens | Zustimmung von > 75 – 95% der Teilnehmer |
| + | mehrheitliche Zustimmung | Zustimmung von > 50 – 75% der Teilnehmer |
| – | kein Konsens | Zustimmung von < 50% der Teilnehmer |
Tab. 4 Ovartoxische Wirkung verschiedener Chemotherapeutika (modifiziert nach 4 , 5 ).
| Risiko | Regime/Substanz |
|---|---|
| hohes Risiko (> 80%iges Risiko für eine permanente Amenorrhö) | CMF, CEF, CAF, TAC × 6 bei Frauen ≥ 40 Jahre Konditionierung für Stammzelltransplantation (insbesondere alkylanzienbasierte myeloablative Konditionierung mit Busulfan, Cyclophosphamid, Melphalan) BEACOPP × 6 – 8 bei Frauen > 35 Jahre |
| intermediäres Risiko (40 – 60%iges Risiko für eine permanente Amenorrhö) | CMF, CEF, CAF, TAC × 6 bei Frauen 30 – 39 Jahre AC × 4 bei Frauen ≥ 40 Jahre AC oder EC × 4 → Taxan BEACOPP × 6 – 8 bei Frauen 25 – 35 Jahre CHOP × 6 bei Frauen ≥ 35 Jahre knochen- und weichteilsarkomtypische Therapie |
| niedriges Risiko (< 20%iges Risiko für eine permanente Amenorrhö) | CMF, CEF, CAF, TAC × 6 bei Frauen ≤ 30 Jahre AC × 4 bei Frauen ≤ 40 Jahre BEACOPP × 6 – 8 bei Frauen < 25 Jahre ABVD × 2 – 4 CHOP × 6 bei Frauen < 35 Jahre CVP AML-typische Therapie (Anthrazyklin/ Cytarabin) ALL-typische Therapie (multi-agent) FOLFOX bei Frauen ≤ 40 Jahre |
| sehr niedriges oder kein Risiko für eine permanente Amenorrhö | Methotrexat Fluorouracil Vincristin |
Abb. 1Flussdiagramm zum allgemeinen Vorgehen bei Fertilitätserhaltung vor einer gonadotoxischen Therapie bei postmenarchalen Mädchen und Frauen.
Abb. 2Fertilitätsprotektive Maßnahmen für Frauen in Abhängigkeit von der onkologischen Therapie und dem verfügbaren Zeitfenster (modifiziert nach 1 ).
| Consensus-based Recommendation 1.R1 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Assessing the risk of possible infertility and the choice of method(s) for fertility preservation must be done by an interdisciplinary panel and discussed with the patient in good time before the start of oncologic therapy. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 1.S1 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Counseling about concepts to preserve fertility must be an integral part of every patientʼs oncologic treatment and must take account of the patientʼs personal circumstances, recommended oncologic therapy and individual risk profile. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 2.R2 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Women scheduled to receive a potentially gonadotoxic dose of chemotherapeutic drugs must be informed about the risk of ovarian insufficiency and about methods to preserve fertility. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 2.S3 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The negative impact of the gonadal toxicity of chemotherapies increases with patient age. Not all patients in a specific age group who receive therapy according to a defined regimen will develop the same fertility disorder. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 2.S4 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Whether women develop ovarian insufficiency depends on the radiation dose, the age when the patient was exposed to radiation and the volume of irradiated ovarian tissue. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 2.R3 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Patients who are scheduled to receive radiotherapy which will also irradiate the anatomical area of the ovaries must be informed about the risk of ovarian damage and must be made aware of methods which could preserve their fertility. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 2.S5 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Irradiation of the uterus can lead to uterine and tubal sterility and to increased pregnancy risks such as preterm birth, miscarriage and lower birth weight of the infant. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 2.R4 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Before undergoing radiotherapy of the head region, patients must be informed about the risk of damaging the hypothalamic/hypophyseal axis and the consequences of this damage. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 2.R5 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Women receiving therapy with bevacizumab should be informed about the risk of ovarian insufficiency and about methods to preserve fertility. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 2.R2 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Patients who receive immunotherapy or targeted therapy should be informed about the unclear risk of ovarian insufficiency and about methods to preserve fertility. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 2.S6 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Data on gonadal toxicity of tamoxifen are limited and inconsistent; there are no data on the possible effects of aromatase inhibitors combined with GnRH agonists. A gonadotoxic effect is unlikely. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 2.S7 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The most important fertility-reducing effect of endocrine therapy used to treat breast cancer is the length of the treatment, as it postpones the time when the patient can have children to a stage in life when patient has reduced ovarian reserve. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 2.R7 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Ways of protecting fertility such as cryopreservation of fertilized and/or unfertilized oocytes or ovarian tissue should be discussed with women receiving endocrine therapy alone (5 – 10 years) to treat breast cancer. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 2.R8 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| The possibility of postponing or interrupting endocrine therapy may be discussed with the patient if this would allow her to have children early. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 4.S25 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Transposition of the ovaries out of the area which will be irradiated may reduce the risk of radiogenic ovarian insufficiency. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 4.R33 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The possibility of an ovariopexy to preserve ovarian function must be discussed before commencing radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy of the lesser pelvis. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 4.S36 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| If ovariopexy is performed, ovarian tissue may be harvested at the same time for cryopreservation. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 4.S47 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| The data is still contradictory, so administering GnRH agonists as the only method for fertility protection is not sufficient. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 4.S58 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Because of the contradictory study results, it is currently not possible to evaluate the benefit of administering a GnRH agonist. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 4.R34 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Depending on the underlying tumor entity, GnRH agonists may be offered as a fertility protection measure if the patient has been informed in detail. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 4.S19 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Cryopreservation of fertilized and unfertilized oocytes is an established technique in reproductive medicine which can be used before starting gonadotoxic therapy. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 4.S20 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| A protocol with the lowest possible risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome should be used for ovarian stimulation treatment to protect fertility. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 4.S21 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| In contrast to the cryopreservation of fertilized oocytes, the cryopreservation of unfertilized oocytes is not associated with a significantly increased rate of malformations or developmental deficits in children. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 4.R35 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The cryopreservation of unfertilized oocytes must be additionally offered, even if the patient has a partner. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 4.S22 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is an established method to restore fertility after receiving treatment for cancer. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 4.S23 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be carried out at any time of the menstrual cycle and does not lead to any relevant delay in oncologic therapy. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 4.R36 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The harvested tissue must be cooled (4 – 8 °C) during its transportation to a center which specializes in cryopreservation. The harvested tissue must be processed promptly, at the very latest 24 hours after harvesting. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 4.R37 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Ovarian tissue must be transplanted orthotopically, i.e. on or into the ovary or close to the ovary in the retroperitoneal space. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 4.R38 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The patientʼs fertility (tubal, uterine and extrauterine factors) must be assessed when transplanting ovarian tissue and, if possible, corrections must carried out where necessary. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 4.S24 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The risk of ovarian metastasis cannot be excluded for any type of tumor. To date, an increased risk has been found for leukemia, neuroblastoma, Burkittʼs lymphoma and malignant ovarian tumors. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 4.R39 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The patient must be informed before harvesting the tissue about the possible risk of transferring malignant cells by transplanting the harvested ovarian tissue. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 4.R40 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| If the patient wishes to have children, the dose administered to the uterus must be kept as low as possible using the latest radiation planning and techniques. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 4.R41 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The patient must be offered combinations of different fertility-preserving methods (e.g. cryopreservation of oocytes, cryopreservation of ovarian tissue and/or the administration of GnRH agonists) to improve the efficacy of fertility protection methods. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R3 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Every fertile woman with breast cancer who might wish to have children must receive counseling about ovarian toxicity and the available methods to protect fertility before starting any potentially gonadotoxic therapy. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R4 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Patients with metastatic breast cancer must receive individualized information on fertility protection which must also take account of the prognosis of a more limited life expectancy. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S36 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| According to retrospective observational studies, pregnancy after treatment for breast cancer is not associated with a poorer prognosis with regard to the underlying disease. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S32 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Regional radiotherapy to treat breast cancer is not associated with reduced fertility. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R55 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| If the patient has been carefully informed about the potential risks, pausing anti-tumor endocrine therapy (after a minimum of 2 years of therapy) may be considered to allow the patient to have children, after which the patient would resume therapy. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S33 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Irrespective of the patientʼs hormone status, there are no conclusive data about the potential impact of hormone stimulation for oocyte retrieval before starting planned neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer on the patientʼs oncologic prognosis. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R56 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Hormone stimulation for oocyte retrieval can be done in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving concomitant anti-hormone treatment (e.g. aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen). | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R57 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| After women who have had fertility-preserving surgery to treat an ovarian/borderline tumor and who wish to have children have been informed about the potential risks involved, physicians may consider offering hormone stimulation to them as part of fertility treatment. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R58 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Before undergoing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, women should be offered the possibility of cryopreserving unfertilized and fertilized oocytes. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R59 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be considered. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S34 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Fertility treatment is possible in patients with early ovarian cancer (FIGO Ia, G1/G2) who were treated using a fertility-preserving approach and were given detailed information about the risks. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R60 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Every fertile woman with sarcoma who may wish to have a child must be informed about the ovarian toxicity of treatment and the methods of preserving fertility before starting a potentially gonadotoxic therapy. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S35 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| There are no indications that pregnancy after treatment for sarcoma will result in a poorer prognosis. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S36 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Depending on the patientʼs age, chemotherapy to treat osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma will result in primary ovarian insufficiency. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R61 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Patients with sarcoma should be offered cryopreservation of ovarian tissue to protect fertility. The risk of recurrence caused by transplantation of the tissue cannot be excluded and must be discussed with the patient before harvesting ovarian tissue. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R62 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| After the onset of puberty, patients with sarcoma should be informed about the possibility of cryopreserving oocytes, if the start of oncologic therapy can be postponed by at least 2 weeks. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R63 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| A GnRH agonist can be administered to patients with sarcoma during gonadotoxic therapy. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R64 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Every fertile woman with colorectal cancer who may wish to have a child must be informed about the ovarian toxicity of treatment and methods of preserving fertility before starting a potentially gonadotoxic therapy. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S37 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| According to case reports, pregnancy after rectal cancer is not associated with a poorer oncologic prognosis. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S38 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Chemotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and oxaliplatin is reported to have a low risk of ovarian insufficiency. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R65 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Patients with colorectal cancer should be offered cryopreservation of ovarian tissue to protect fertility. The risk of disease recurrence caused by transplantation cannot be excluded and must be discussed with the patient before harvesting ovarian tissue. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R66 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| After the onset of puberty, patients with colorectal cancer should be informed about the possibility of cryopreserving oocytes if the start of oncologic therapy can be postponed by at least 2 weeks. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R67 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| A GnRH agonist can be administered to patients with colorectal cancer during gonadotoxic therapy. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S39 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| With lymphomas, the risk of primary ovarian insufficiency depends on the chemotherapy protocol used. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R68 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue to protect fertility must be offered to patients with lymphoma who are expected to have a high risk of premature ovarian insufficiency from oncologic therapy. The risk of ovarian metastasis is low for Hodgkinʼs lymphoma and high for non-Hodgkinʼs lymphoma and Burkittʼs lymphoma. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R69 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| After the onset of puberty, patients with lymphoma should be informed about the possibility of cryopreserving oocytes if the start of oncologic therapy can be postponed by at least 2 weeks. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R70 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| A GnRH agonist can be administered to patients with lymphoma during gonadotoxic therapy. This can help prevent thrombocytopenic menorrhagia. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S40 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The risk of infertility after treatment for ALL depends on the protocol used for treatment. Women who were treated with a conditioning protocol to prepare them for stem cell transplantation have a high risk of infertility. Patients treated with a conventional protocol have a low risk of infertility. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S41 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Depending on the dose, cranial irradiation during treatment for ALL can lead to treatable impairment of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R71 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| Patients with ALL who have a high risk of POI from therapy and who cannot postpone their gonadotoxic therapy can be offered the option of cryopreserving ovarian tissue to protect their fertility. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R72 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The risk of tumor recurrence after autotransplantation of ovarian tissue is considered to be high in patients with ALL, and autotransplantation is therefore not recommended. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R73 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| After the onset of puberty, patients with ALL should be informed about the possibility of cryopreserving oocytes if the start of oncologic therapy can be postponed by at least 2 weeks. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R74 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| A GnRH agonist can be administered to patients with ALL during gonadotoxic therapy. This can help prevent thrombocytopenic menorrhagia. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S42 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The risk of infertility after treatment for AML depends on the protocol used for treatment. Women treated with a conditioning protocol to prepare them for stem cell transplantation have a high risk of infertility. Patients treated with a conventional protocol have a low risk of infertility. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R75 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Patients with AML who have a high risk of POI from therapy and who cannot postpone their gonadotoxic therapy can be offered the option of cryopreserving ovarian tissue to protect their fertility. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R76 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The risk of tumor recurrence after autotransplantation of ovarian tissue is considered to be high in patients with AML, and autotransplantation is therefore not recommended. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R77 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| After the onset of puberty, patients with AML should be informed about the possibility of cryopreserving oocytes if the start of oncologic therapy can be postponed by at least 2 weeks. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R78 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| A GnRH agonist can be administered to patients with AML during gonadotoxic therapy. This can help prevent thrombocytopenic menorrhagia. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 6.S43 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The risk of ovarian insufficiency following the administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is unclear, with TKI reported to have a teratogenic potential. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R79 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The risk of disease recurrence after autotransplantation of ovarian tissue is considered to be high in patients with CML, and autotransplantation is therefore not recommended. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R80 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Women treated with a conditioning protocol to prepare them for stem cell transplantation have a high risk of infertility. These patients must be informed and receive counseling about methods to protect their fertility. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R81 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus ++ |
| After the onset of puberty and before starting conditioning for stem cell transplantation, patients should be informed about the possibility of cryopreserving oocytes if the start of oncologic therapy can be postponed by at least 2 weeks. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 6.R82 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Patients can be offered the option of cryopreserving ovarian tissue to protect fertility before undergoing stem cell transplantation. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 8.R92 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The efficacy of administering drugs for fertility protection (e.g. a GnRH agonist) in childhood or early adolescence is still questionable. GnRH agonists must not be administered to prepubertal patients. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 8.R93 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| Depending on the expected radiation dose administered to the ovary, the possibility of ovariopexy must be discussed during the tumor conference. The recommendation for ovariopexy must be discussed with the patient and her family. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 8.R94 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| After puberty patients can undergo stimulation treatment to cryopreserve oocytes. This must be done before starting treatment for malignant disease if cancer therapy can be postponed by 2 weeks. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 8.R95 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| It is currently not clear what the indications for cryopreserving ovarian tissue from prepubertal and peripubertal girls are. The decision for or against cryopreservation requires the type of therapy and the gonadotoxic dose to be weighed up in each individual case. | |
| Consensus-based Recommendation 8.R96 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| After puberty, potential options for fertility preservation include cryopreserving sperm (ejaculation, electrostimulation, testicular biopsy with testicular sperm extraction [TESE]) and cryopreserving testicular tissue as a fertility reserve for assisted reproduction techniques to be used at a later date. The patient and his family must be informed about these options. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 8.S48 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| The cryopreservation of immature testicular tissue extracted by biopsy before the onset of puberty is still in its experimental stages. The subsequent maturation of sperm from spermatogonial stem cells, which would be necessary for this approach, is currently not yet possible in humans. Transplanting cryopreserved tissue always carries the risk of transplanting malignant cells. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 9.S49 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| All patients of reproductive age with malignant disease and children with malignant disease and their parents should be offered counseling and advice on fertility protection using a biopsychosocial framework. Information about the options for and the limits of fertility protection should be made available to affected patients both orally and in writing (e.g., in the form of publications like “Die Blauen Ratgeber” – a German series of publications issued by the German Cancer Society) through low-threshold publications which enable patients to make their decisions based on informed consent. | |
| Consensus-based Statement 9.S50 | |
|---|---|
| Expert consensus | Strength of consensus +++ |
| During open-ended counseling, the different options and perspectives available must be presented and discussed without bias or preference: oncologic therapy without fertility protection, oncologic therapy after fertility protection measures, and pregnancy, childbirth and starting a family must be discussed in ways that take account of different healing processes and courses of disease. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 1.E1 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke ++ |
| Die Einschätzung des Risikos einer möglichen Unfruchtbarkeit und die Auswahl der Methode(n) des Fertilitätserhaltes sollen interdisziplinär und rechtzeitig vor der onkologischen Therapie mit dem/der Patienten/-in besprochen werden. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 1.S1 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Die Beratung über Konzepte zum Erhalt der Fertilität soll unter Berücksichtigung der Lebensumstände, der empfohlenen onkologischen Therapien und des individuellen Risikoprofils ein integraler Bestandteil onkologischer Behandlungen von Patientinnen und Patienten sein. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 2.E2 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Frauen, die Chemotherapeutika mit potenziell gonadotoxischer Dosis erhalten, sollen über das Risiko einer Ovarialinsuffizienz und fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen aufgeklärt werden. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 2.S3 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Die negative Auswirkung der Gonadentoxizität von Chemotherapien steigt mit dem Alter der Patientin an. Nicht alle Patienten einer Altersgruppe mit einem definierten Therapieschema entwickeln die gleiche Fertilitätsstörung. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 2.E5 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Frauen, die eine Therapie mit Bevacizumab erhalten, sollten über das Risiko einer Ovarialinsuffizienz und fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen aufgeklärt werden. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 2.E2 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Patientinnen, die Immuntherapien oder zielgerichtete Therapien erhalten, sollten über das unklare Risiko einer Ovarialinsuffizienz und fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen aufgeklärt werden. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 2.S6 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Zur Gonadotoxizität von Tamoxifen liegen begrenzte und inkonsistente Daten vor, zu möglichen Effekten von Aromatasehemmern in Kombination mit GnRH-Agonisten liegen keine Daten vor. Eine gonadotoxische Wirkung ist nicht wahrscheinlich. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 2.S7 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Der wichtigste fertilitätsmindernde Einfluss einer endokrinen Therapie beim Mammakarzinom besteht in der Dauer der Behandlung, welche die Erfüllung des Kinderwunsches in eine Lebensphase mit reduzierter ovarieller Reserve verschiebt. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 2.E7 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke ++ |
| Bei einer alleinigen endokrinen Therapie (5 – 10 Jahre) des Mammakarzinoms sollten fertilitätsprotektive Maßnahmen wie Kryokonservierung von fertilisierten und/oder unfertilisierten Oozyten bzw. Ovargewebe diskutiert werden. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 2.E8 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke ++ |
| Die Verschiebung oder Unterbrechung einer endokrinen Therapie kann diskutiert werden, um eine frühzeitige Verwirklichung des Kinderwunsches zu ermöglichen. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 4.S25 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Durch Transposition der Ovarien aus dem Bestrahlungsfeld kann das Risiko für radiogene Ovarialinsuffizienz reduziert werden. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 4.E33 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Bei einer Radiatio/Radiochemotherapie des kleinen Beckens soll eine Ovariopexie zur Erhaltung der ovariellen Funktion diskutiert werden. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 4.S36 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Bei einer Ovariopexie kann eine gleichzeitige Entnahme von Ovarialgewebe zur Kryokonservierung erfolgen. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 4.S47 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke ++ |
| GnRH-Agonisten sind als alleinige Option zur Fertilitätsprotektion aufgrund der widersprüchlichen Studienlage nicht ausreichend. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 4.S58 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Der Nutzen einer GnRH-Agonisten-Gabe kann derzeit aufgrund widersprüchlicher Studienergebnisse nicht beurteilt werden. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 4.E34 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| GnRH-Agonisten können als fertilitätsprotektive Maßnahme nach ausführlicher Aufklärung in Abhängigkeit von der zugrunde liegenden Tumorentität angeboten werden. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 4.S19 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Die Kryokonservierung von befruchteten und unbefruchteten Eizellen sind etablierte, reproduktionsmedizinische Techniken, die vor einer gonadotoxischen Therapie angewendet werden können. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 4.S22 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke ++ |
| Die Kryokonservierung von Ovarialgewebe ist eine etablierte Methode, um die Fertilität nach der Behandlung der Krebserkrankung wiederherzustellen. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 4.S23 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke ++ |
| Die Kryokonservierung von ovariellem Gewebe kann unabhängig vom Zyklus erfolgen und führt zu keiner relevanten Verzögerung der onkologischen Therapie. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 4.E40 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke ++ |
| Bei bestehendem Kinderwunsch soll die Dosis am Uterus durch moderne Bestrahlungsplanung und -techniken so gering wie irgend möglich gehalten werden. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 4.E41 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Die Kombination verschiedener fertilitätserhaltender Maßnahmen (z. B. der Kryokonservierung von Eizellen, Kryokonservierung von Ovarialgewebe und/oder der Gabe von GnRH-Agonisten) zur Steigerung der Effektivität soll der Patientin angeboten werden. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 8.E92 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Die Wirksamkeit einer medikamentösen Protektion (z. B. GnRH-Agonisten) im Jugendalter ist bislang noch fraglich. Vor der Pubertät soll eine GnRH-Agonisten-Behandlung nicht stattfinden. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 8.E93 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Die Ovariopexie soll in Abhängigkeit von der zu erwartenden Strahlendosis am Ovar in der Tumorkonferenz besprochen werden. Die Empfehlung soll mit der Patientin und der Familie besprochen werden. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 8.E94 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Postpubertär kann nach Stimulationsbehandlung eine Kryokonservierung von Oozyten erfolgen. Dies soll vor Therapiebeginn stattfinden, wenn dieser um 2 Wochen verschoben werden kann. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 8.E95 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Die Indikation zur Kryokonservierung von Ovarialgewebe bei prä- und peripubertären Mädchen ist derzeit unklar. Sie erfordert eine individuelle Abwägung von der Art der Therapie und der gonadotoxischen Dosis. | |
| Konsensbasierte Empfehlung 8.E96 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Eine Kryokonservierung von Spermien nach der Pubertät (Ejakulation, Elektrostimulation, Hodenbiopsie mit testikulärer Spermienextraktion [TESE]) sowie die Kryokonservierung von Hodengewebe als Fertilitätsreserve für spätere Maßnahmen der assistierten Reproduktion sind möglich. Der Patient und die Familie sollen über diese Optionen aufgeklärt werden. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 8.S48 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Die Kryokonservierung von immaturem Hodengewebe vor der Pubertät, welches mittels Biopsie entnommen wird, ist noch ein experimenteller Ansatz. Die erforderliche, anschließende Spermienreifung aus den spermatogonialen Stammzellen ist beim Menschen aktuell noch nicht möglich. Bei Transplantation des kryokonservierten Gewebes besteht die Gefahr der Transplantation von malignen Zellen. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 9.S49 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| Allen von einer Krebserkrankung betroffenen Patientinnen/Patienten im reproduktiven Alter, Kindern sowie deren Eltern sollte möglichst frühzeitig eine Beratung zur Fertilitätsprotektion auf bio-psychosozialer Grundlage angeboten werden. Informationen zu den Möglichkeiten und den Grenzen der Fertilitätsprotektion sollte den betroffenen Patientinnen und Patienten mündlich und schriftlich (z. B. „Die blauen Ratgeber“) niedrigschwellig zur Verfügung gestellt werden, um eine Entscheidungsfindung im Sinne einer „informed consent“ zu ermöglichen. | |
| Konsensbasiertes Statement 9.S50 | |
|---|---|
| Expertenkonsens | Konsensusstärke +++ |
| In der ergebnisoffenen Beratung sollen die verschiedenen Optionen und Perspektiven gleichwertig thematisiert werden: onkologische Therapie ohne Fertilitätsprotektion, onkologische Therapie nach fertilitätserhaltenden Maßnahmen, sowie Schwangerschaft, Kindsgeburt und Familiengründung auf dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher Heilungs- bzw. Krankheitsverläufe. | |