PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Noncoding RNAs have emerged as important regulators of cellular and systemic lipid metabolism. In particular, the enigmatic class of long noncoding RNAs have been shown to play multifaceted roles in controlling transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene regulation. In this review, we discuss recent advances, current challenges and future opportunities in understanding the roles of lncRNAs in the regulation of lipid metabolism during health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Despite comprising the majority of the transcriptionally active regions of the human genome, lncRNA functions remain poorly understood, with fewer than 1% of human lncRNAs functionally characterized. Broadly defined as nonprotein coding transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length, lncRNAs execute their functions by forming RNA-DNA, RNA-protein, and RNA-RNA interactions that regulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms, including epigenetic remodeling of chromatin, transcriptional activation or repression, posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA, and modulation of protein activity. It is now recognized that in lipid metabolism, just as in other areas of biology, lncRNAs operate to regulate the expression of individual genes and gene networks at multiple different levels. SUMMARY: The complexity revealed by recent studies showing how lncRNAs can alter systemic and cell-type-specific cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism make it clear that we have entered a new frontier for discovery that is both daunting and exciting.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Noncoding RNAs have emerged as important regulators of cellular and systemic lipid metabolism. In particular, the enigmatic class of long noncoding RNAs have been shown to play multifaceted roles in controlling transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene regulation. In this review, we discuss recent advances, current challenges and future opportunities in understanding the roles of lncRNAs in the regulation of lipid metabolism during health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Despite comprising the majority of the transcriptionally active regions of the human genome, lncRNA functions remain poorly understood, with fewer than 1% of human lncRNAs functionally characterized. Broadly defined as nonprotein coding transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length, lncRNAs execute their functions by forming RNA-DNA, RNA-protein, and RNA-RNA interactions that regulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms, including epigenetic remodeling of chromatin, transcriptional activation or repression, posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA, and modulation of protein activity. It is now recognized that in lipid metabolism, just as in other areas of biology, lncRNAs operate to regulate the expression of individual genes and gene networks at multiple different levels. SUMMARY: The complexity revealed by recent studies showing how lncRNAs can alter systemic and cell-type-specific cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism make it clear that we have entered a new frontier for discovery that is both daunting and exciting.
Authors: Katrin Panzitt; Marisa M O Tschernatsch; Christian Guelly; Tarek Moustafa; Martin Stradner; Heimo M Strohmaier; Charles R Buck; Helmut Denk; Renée Schroeder; Michael Trauner; Kurt Zatloukal Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 2006-08-14 Impact factor: 22.682
Authors: Jihane N Benhammou; Arthur Ko; Marcus Alvarez; Minna U Kaikkonen; Carl Rankin; Kristina M Garske; David Padua; Yash Bhagat; Dorota Kaminska; Vesa Kärjä; Jussi Pihlajamäki; Joseph R Pisegna; Päivi Pajukanta Journal: Hepatol Commun Date: 2019-08-14
Authors: Elizabeth J Hennessy; Coen van Solingen; Kaitlyn R Scacalossi; Mireille Ouimet; Milessa S Afonso; Jurrien Prins; Graeme J Koelwyn; Monika Sharma; Bhama Ramkhelawon; Susan Carpenter; Albert Busch; Ekaterina Chernogubova; Ljubica Perisic Matic; Ulf Hedin; Lars Maegdefessel; Brian E Caffrey; Maryem A Hussein; Emiliano P Ricci; Ryan E Temel; Michael J Garabedian; Jeffrey S Berger; Kasey C Vickers; Matthew Kanke; Praveen Sethupathy; Daniel Teupser; Lesca M Holdt; Kathryn J Moore Journal: Nat Metab Date: 2018-12-03