Mark A Smith1,2, Gaylen E Fronk3, Jean M Abel4, Ryan T Lacy5, Sarah E Bills3, Wendy J Lynch4. 1. Department of Psychology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA. masmith@davidson.edu. 2. Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA. masmith@davidson.edu. 3. Department of Psychology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA. 4. Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. 5. Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Preclinical studies consistently report that aerobic exercise decreases drug self-administration and other forms of drug-seeking behavior; however, relatively few studies have examined other types of physical activity. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of resistance exercise (i.e., strength training) on heroin self-administration and mRNA expression of genes known to mediate opioid reinforcement and addictive behavior in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of heroin-exposed rats. METHODS: Female rats were obtained during late adolescence and divided into two groups. Resistance exercise rats were trained to climb a vertical ladder wearing a weighted vest; sedentary control rats were placed repeatedly on the ladder oriented horizontally on its side. All rats were implanted with intravenous catheters and trained to self-administer heroin on a fixed ratio (FR1) schedule of reinforcement. mRNA expression in the NAc core and shell was examined following behavioral testing. RESULTS: Resistance exercise significantly decreased heroin self-administration, resulting in a downward shift in the dose-effect curve. Resistance exercise also reduced mRNA expression for mu opioid receptors and dopamine D1, D2, and D3 receptors in the NAc core. Resistance exercise increased mRNA expression of dopamine D5 receptors in the NAc shell and increased mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (exons I, IIB, IIC, IV, VI, IX) in the NAc core. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that resistance exercise decreases the positive reinforcing effects of heroin and produces changes in opioid and dopamine systems in the NAc of heroin-exposed rats.
RATIONALE: Preclinical studies consistently report that aerobic exercise decreases drug self-administration and other forms of drug-seeking behavior; however, relatively few studies have examined other types of physical activity. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of resistance exercise (i.e., strength training) on heroin self-administration and mRNA expression of genes known to mediate opioid reinforcement and addictive behavior in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of heroin-exposed rats. METHODS: Female rats were obtained during late adolescence and divided into two groups. Resistance exercise rats were trained to climb a vertical ladder wearing a weighted vest; sedentary control rats were placed repeatedly on the ladder oriented horizontally on its side. All rats were implanted with intravenous catheters and trained to self-administer heroin on a fixed ratio (FR1) schedule of reinforcement. mRNA expression in the NAc core and shell was examined following behavioral testing. RESULTS: Resistance exercise significantly decreased heroin self-administration, resulting in a downward shift in the dose-effect curve. Resistance exercise also reduced mRNA expression for mu opioid receptors and dopamine D1, D2, and D3 receptors in the NAc core. Resistance exercise increased mRNA expression of dopamine D5 receptors in the NAc shell and increased mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (exons I, IIB, IIC, IV, VI, IX) in the NAc core. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that resistance exercise decreases the positive reinforcing effects of heroin and produces changes in opioid and dopamine systems in the NAc of heroin-exposed rats.
Entities:
Keywords:
Dopamine; Heroin; Nucleus accumbens; Rats; Resistance exercise; Strength training
Authors: Andreo F Aguiar; Danilo H Aguiar; Alan D S Felisberto; Fernanda R Carani; Rachel C Milanezi; Carlos R Padovani; Maeli Dal-Pai-Silva Journal: J Strength Cond Res Date: 2010-01 Impact factor: 3.775
Authors: María E Terrón-Díaz; Sara J Wright; Melina A Agosto; Olivier Lichtarge; Theodore G Wensel Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2019-11-01 Impact factor: 5.157