Michael S Simon1, Jennifer L Beebe-Dimmer1, Theresa A Hastert1, JoAnn E Manson2, Elizabeth M Cespedes Feliciano3, Marian L Neuhouser4, Gloria Y F Ho5, Jo L Freudenheim6, Howard Strickler7, Julie Ruterbusch1, Ana Barac8, Rowan Chlebowski9, Bette Caan3. 1. Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. 2. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 3. Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California. 4. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. 5. Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. 7. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Albert Einstein, New York, New York. 8. MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC. 9. Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors linked to metabolic syndrome and mortality among women with breast cancer. METHODS: We used the Women's Health Initiative to evaluate the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors, including waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, cholesterol level, and presence of type 2 diabetes, and their relation with death from breast cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other causes among 8641 women with local or regional stage invasive breast cancer. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios, and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for important predictors of survival. RESULTS: After a median of 11.3 years, there were 2181 total deaths, 619 (28.4%) of which were due to breast cancer. Most participants (55.7%) had at least 2 cardiometabolic risk factors, and 4.9% had 3 or 4. Having a larger number of risk factors was associated with higher risk of CVD and other-cause mortality (P trend < .001 for both), but not with breast cancer mortality (P trend = .86). Increased WC was associated with a higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.57) and other-cause mortality (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16-1.49) and only with a small and nonsignificant higher risk of breast cancer mortality (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.93-1.52). The results did not differ in analyses stratified by race, hormone receptor status, or after an analysis of cases diagnosed within 5 years after baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Among women with early stage breast cancer, cardiometabolic risk factors are significantly associated with cardiovascular and other-cause mortality, but not breast cancer mortality. Cancer 2018;124:1798-807.
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors linked to metabolic syndrome and mortality among women with breast cancer. METHODS: We used the Women's Health Initiative to evaluate the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors, including waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, cholesterol level, and presence of type 2 diabetes, and their relation with death from breast cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other causes among 8641 women with local or regional stage invasive breast cancer. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios, and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for important predictors of survival. RESULTS: After a median of 11.3 years, there were 2181 total deaths, 619 (28.4%) of which were due to breast cancer. Most participants (55.7%) had at least 2 cardiometabolic risk factors, and 4.9% had 3 or 4. Having a larger number of risk factors was associated with higher risk of CVD and other-cause mortality (P trend < .001 for both), but not with breast cancer mortality (P trend = .86). Increased WC was associated with a higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.57) and other-cause mortality (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16-1.49) and only with a small and nonsignificant higher risk of breast cancer mortality (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.93-1.52). The results did not differ in analyses stratified by race, hormone receptor status, or after an analysis of cases diagnosed within 5 years after baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Among women with early stage breast cancer, cardiometabolic risk factors are significantly associated with cardiovascular and other-cause mortality, but not breast cancer mortality. Cancer 2018;124:1798-807.
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