Sorena Keihani1, Yizhe Xu, Angela P Presson, James M Hotaling, Raminder Nirula, Joshua Piotrowski, Christopher M Dodgion, Cullen M Black, Kaushik Mukherjee, Bradley J Morris, Sarah Majercik, Brian P Smith, Ian Schwartz, Sean P Elliott, Erik S DeSoucy, Scott Zakaluzny, Peter B Thomsen, Bradley A Erickson, Nima Baradaran, Benjamin N Breyer, Brandi Miller, Richard A Santucci, Matthew M Carrick, Timothy Hewitt, Frank N Burks, Jurek F Kocik, Reza Askari, Jeremy B Myers. 1. From the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (S.K., J.M.H., J.B.M.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine (Y.X., A.P.P.), Department of Surgery (R.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Urology (J.P.), Department of Surgery (C.M.D.), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Acute Care Surgery (C.M.B., K.M.), Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California; Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care (B.J.M., S.M.), Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah; Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care (B.P.S.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Urology (I.S., S.P.E.), Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Surgery (E.S.D.), Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (S.Z.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California; Department of Urology (P.B.T., B.A.E.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Urology (N.B., B.N.B.), University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Urology (B.M., R.A.S.), Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Miami; Medical City Plano (M.M.C.), Plano, Texas; Department of Urology (T.H., F.N.B.), Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan; Department of Surgery (J.F.K.), East Texas Medical Center, Tyler, Texas; and Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery (R.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The rarity of renal trauma limits its study and the strength of evidence-based guidelines. Although management of renal injuries has shifted toward a nonoperative approach, nephrectomy remains the most common intervention for high-grade renal trauma (HGRT). We aimed to describe the contemporary management of HGRT in the United States and also evaluate clinical factors associated with nephrectomy after HGRT. METHODS: From 2014 to 2017, data on HGRT (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grades III-V) were collected from 14 participating Level-1 trauma centers. Data were gathered on demographics, injury characteristics, management, and short-term outcomes. Management was classified into three groups-expectant, conservative/minimally invasive, and open operative. Descriptive statistics were used to report management of renal trauma. Univariate and multivariate logistic mixed effect models with clustering by facility were used to look at associations between proposed risk factors and nephrectomy. RESULTS: A total of 431 adult HGRT were recorded; 79% were male, and mechanism of injury was blunt in 71%. Injuries were graded as III, IV, and V in 236 (55%), 142 (33%), and 53 (12%), respectively. Laparotomy was performed in 169 (39%) patients. Overall, 300 (70%) patients were managed expectantly and 47 (11%) underwent conservative/minimally invasive management. Eighty-four (19%) underwent renal-related open operative management with 55 (67%) of them undergoing nephrectomy. Nephrectomy rates were 15% and 62% for grades IV and V, respectively. Penetrating injuries had significantly higher American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grades and higher rates of nephrectomy. In multivariable analysis, only renal injury grade and penetrating mechanism of injury were significantly associated with undergoing nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Expectant and conservative management is currently utilized in 80% of HGRT; however, the rate of nephrectomy remains high. Clinical factors, such as surrogates of hemodynamic instability and metabolic acidosis, are associated with nephrectomy for HGRT; however, higher renal injury grade and penetrating trauma remain the strongest associations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III; Therapeutic study, level IV.
BACKGROUND: The rarity of renal trauma limits its study and the strength of evidence-based guidelines. Although management of renal injuries has shifted toward a nonoperative approach, nephrectomy remains the most common intervention for high-grade renal trauma (HGRT). We aimed to describe the contemporary management of HGRT in the United States and also evaluate clinical factors associated with nephrectomy after HGRT. METHODS: From 2014 to 2017, data on HGRT (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grades III-V) were collected from 14 participating Level-1 trauma centers. Data were gathered on demographics, injury characteristics, management, and short-term outcomes. Management was classified into three groups-expectant, conservative/minimally invasive, and open operative. Descriptive statistics were used to report management of renal trauma. Univariate and multivariate logistic mixed effect models with clustering by facility were used to look at associations between proposed risk factors and nephrectomy. RESULTS: A total of 431 adult HGRT were recorded; 79% were male, and mechanism of injury was blunt in 71%. Injuries were graded as III, IV, and V in 236 (55%), 142 (33%), and 53 (12%), respectively. Laparotomy was performed in 169 (39%) patients. Overall, 300 (70%) patients were managed expectantly and 47 (11%) underwent conservative/minimally invasive management. Eighty-four (19%) underwent renal-related open operative management with 55 (67%) of them undergoing nephrectomy. Nephrectomy rates were 15% and 62% for grades IV and V, respectively. Penetrating injuries had significantly higher American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grades and higher rates of nephrectomy. In multivariable analysis, only renal injury grade and penetrating mechanism of injury were significantly associated with undergoing nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Expectant and conservative management is currently utilized in 80% of HGRT; however, the rate of nephrectomy remains high. Clinical factors, such as surrogates of hemodynamic instability and metabolic acidosis, are associated with nephrectomy for HGRT; however, higher renal injury grade and penetrating trauma remain the strongest associations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III; Therapeutic study, level IV.
Authors: Rachel A Moses; Ross E Anderson; Sorena Keihani; James M Hotaling; Raminder Nirula; Daniel J Vargo; Jeremy B Myers Journal: Transl Androl Urol Date: 2019-08
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Authors: Sorena Keihani; Sherry S Wang; Ryan P Joyce; Douglas M Rogers; Joel A Gross; Alexander P Nocera; J Patrick Selph; Elisa Fang; Judith C Hagedorn; Bryan B Voelzke; Michael E Rezaee; Rachel A Moses; Chirag S Arya; Rachel L Sensenig; Katie Glavin; Joshua A Broghammer; Margaret M Higgins; Shubham Gupta; Clara M Castillejo Becerra; Nima Baradaran; Chong Zhang; Angela P Presson; Raminder Nirula; Jeremy B Myers Journal: J Trauma Acute Care Surg Date: 2021-02-01 Impact factor: 3.313
Authors: Alexander Salcedo; Carlos A Ordoñez; Michael W Parra; José Daniel Osorio; Philip Leib; Yaset Caicedo; Mónica Guzmán-Rodríguez; Natalia Padilla; Luis Fernando Pino; Mario Alain Herrera; Adolfo González Hadad; José Julián Serna; Alberto García; Federico Coccolini; Fausto Catena Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) Date: 2021-05-13
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