Pei Li1,2, Zherui Liang3, Gang Hou4, Lei Song1, Ruijie Zhang5, Yibo Gan1, Chengmin Zhang1, Yichun Xu4, Qiang Zhou1. 1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. 2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, No. 89 hospital of PLA, Weifang, China. 3. Biomedicine, Pursuit Science Class, Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. 4. Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 5. Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mechanical overloading-induced nucleus pulposus (NP) apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration. N-cadherin (N-CDH)-mediated signaling preserves normal NP cell phenotype. This study aims to investigate the effects of N-CDH on NP cell apoptosis under high-magnitude compression and the underlying mechanism behind this process. METHODS: Rat NP cells seeded on scaffold were perfusion-cultured using a self-developed perfusion bioreactor for 5 days and experienced different magnitudes (2% and 20% compressive deformation, respectively) of compression at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 4 hours once per day. The un-loaded NP cells were used as controls. Lentivirus-mediated N-CDH overexpression and inhibitor LY294002 were used to further investigate the role of N-CDH and PI3K/Akt pathway under high-magnitude compression, respectively. NP cell apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 activity measured using a commercial kit, flow cytometry, and expression of apoptosis-related molecules analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting assays. RESULTS: High-magnitude compression significantly increased apoptotic NP cells, caspase-3 activity and expression of pro-apoptotic molecules (Bax and caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3), but decreased expression of anti-apoptotic molecule (Bcl-2). High-magnitude compression decreased expression of N-CDH, p-Akt and p-GSK-3β. However, N-CDH overexpression attenuated NP cell apoptosis and increased expression of p-Akt and p-GSK-3β under high-magnitude compression. Further analysis showed that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway suppressed NP cell apoptosis and decreased expression of p-GSK-3β, but had no significant effects on N-CDH expression under high-magnitude compression. CONCLUSION: N-CDH can attenuate NP cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt-GSK-3β signaling under high-magnitude compression.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mechanical overloading-induced nucleus pulposus (NP) apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration. N-cadherin (N-CDH)-mediated signaling preserves normal NP cell phenotype. This study aims to investigate the effects of N-CDH on NP cell apoptosis under high-magnitude compression and the underlying mechanism behind this process. METHODS:Rat NP cells seeded on scaffold were perfusion-cultured using a self-developed perfusion bioreactor for 5 days and experienced different magnitudes (2% and 20% compressive deformation, respectively) of compression at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 4 hours once per day. The un-loaded NP cells were used as controls. Lentivirus-mediated N-CDH overexpression and inhibitor LY294002 were used to further investigate the role of N-CDH and PI3K/Akt pathway under high-magnitude compression, respectively. NP cell apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 activity measured using a commercial kit, flow cytometry, and expression of apoptosis-related molecules analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting assays. RESULTS: High-magnitude compression significantly increased apoptotic NP cells, caspase-3 activity and expression of pro-apoptotic molecules (Bax and caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3), but decreased expression of anti-apoptotic molecule (Bcl-2). High-magnitude compression decreased expression of N-CDH, p-Akt and p-GSK-3β. However, N-CDH overexpression attenuated NP cell apoptosis and increased expression of p-Akt and p-GSK-3β under high-magnitude compression. Further analysis showed that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway suppressed NP cell apoptosis and decreased expression of p-GSK-3β, but had no significant effects on N-CDH expression under high-magnitude compression. CONCLUSION:N-CDH can attenuate NP cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt-GSK-3β signaling under high-magnitude compression.
Authors: Xi Lou; Meng Zhao; Chengming Fan; Vladimir G Fast; Mani T Valarmathi; Wuqiang Zhu; Jianyi Zhang Journal: Cardiovasc Res Date: 2020-03-01 Impact factor: 10.787