Background: We assessed immunity against polioviruses induced with a new Pakistani poliovirus immunization schedule and compared it to alternative poliovirus immunization schedules. Methods: Newborns were randomized to undergo vaccination based on 1 of 5 vaccination schedules, with doses administered at birth and at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Arm A received inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) at all time points. Arm B received bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) at all time points. Arms C and D received bOPV at the first 3 time points and bOPV plus IPV at the final time point (the current schedule). Arm E received trivalent OPV (tOPV) at all time points. At 22 weeks of age, all children received 1 challenge dose of tOPV, and children in arm D received 1 additional IPV dose. Sera were analyzed for the presence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies at birth and 14 and 22 weeks of age. Results: Seroconversion for poliovirus type 1 (PV1) at 22 weeks of age was observed in 80% of individuals in arm A, 97% in arm B, 94% in arm C, 96% in arm D, and 94% in arm E; for PV2, seroconversion frequencies were 84%, 19%, 53%, 49%, and 93%, respectively; and for PV3, seroconversion frequencies were 93%, 94%, 98%, 94%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: The current immunization schedule in Pakistan induced high seroconversion rates for PV1 and PV3; however, it induced PV2 seroconversion in only half of study subjects. There is a growing cohort of young children in Pakistan who are unprotected against PV2; and this creates an increasing risk of a large-scale outbreak of poliomyelitis caused by circulating vaccine-derived PV2.
Background: We assessed immunity against polioviruses induced with a new Pakistani poliovirus immunization schedule and compared it to alternative poliovirus immunization schedules. Methods: Newborns were randomized to undergo vaccination based on 1 of 5 vaccination schedules, with doses administered at birth and at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Arm A received inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) at all time points. Arm B received bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) at all time points. Arms C and D received bOPV at the first 3 time points and bOPV plus IPV at the final time point (the current schedule). Arm E received trivalent OPV (tOPV) at all time points. At 22 weeks of age, all children received 1 challenge dose of tOPV, and children in arm D received 1 additional IPV dose. Sera were analyzed for the presence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies at birth and 14 and 22 weeks of age. Results: Seroconversion for poliovirus type 1 (PV1) at 22 weeks of age was observed in 80% of individuals in arm A, 97% in arm B, 94% in arm C, 96% in arm D, and 94% in arm E; for PV2, seroconversion frequencies were 84%, 19%, 53%, 49%, and 93%, respectively; and for PV3, seroconversion frequencies were 93%, 94%, 98%, 94%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: The current immunization schedule in Pakistan induced high seroconversion rates for PV1 and PV3; however, it induced PV2 seroconversion in only half of study subjects. There is a growing cohort of young children in Pakistan who are unprotected against PV2; and this creates an increasing risk of a large-scale outbreak of poliomyelitis caused by circulating vaccine-derived PV2.
Authors: Abhijeet Anand; K Zaman; Concepción F Estívariz; Mohammad Yunus; Howard E Gary; William C Weldon; Tajul I Bari; M Steven Oberste; Steven G Wassilak; Stephen P Luby; James D Heffelfinger; Mark A Pallansch Journal: Vaccine Date: 2015-10-23 Impact factor: 3.641
Authors: Lee M Hampton; Margaret Farrell; Alejandro Ramirez-Gonzalez; Lisa Menning; Stephanie Shendale; Ian Lewis; Jennifer Rubin; Julie Garon; Jennifer Harris; Terri Hyde; Steven Wassilak; Manish Patel; Robin Nandy; Diana Chang-Blanc Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2016-09-09 Impact factor: 17.586
Authors: Edwin J Asturias; Ananda S Bandyopadhyay; Steve Self; Luis Rivera; Xavier Saez-Llorens; Eduardo Lopez; Mario Melgar; James T Gaensbauer; William C Weldon; M Steven Oberste; Bhavesh R Borate; Chris Gast; Ralf Clemens; Walter Orenstein; Miguel O'Ryan G; José Jimeno; Sue Ann Costa Clemens; Joel Ward; Ricardo Rüttimann Journal: Lancet Date: 2016-05-19 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Hamid Jafari; Jagadish M Deshpande; Roland W Sutter; Sunil Bahl; Harish Verma; Mohammad Ahmad; Abhishek Kunwar; Rakesh Vishwakarma; Ashutosh Agarwal; Shilpi Jain; Concepcion Estivariz; Raman Sethi; Natalie A Molodecky; Nicholas C Grassly; Mark A Pallansch; Arani Chatterjee; R Bruce Aylward Journal: Science Date: 2014-08-22 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Fatima Mir; Farheen Quadri; Ondrej Mach; Imran Ahmed; Zaid Bhatti; Asia Khan; Najeeb Ur Rehman; Elias Durry; Maha Salama; Steven M Oberste; William C Weldon; Roland W Sutter; Anita K M Zaidi Journal: Lancet Infect Dis Date: 2015-06-17 Impact factor: 25.071
Authors: Edward Pk Parker; Natalie A Molodecky; Margarita Pons-Salort; Kathleen M O'Reilly; Nicholas C Grassly Journal: Expert Rev Vaccines Date: 2015-07-09 Impact factor: 5.217
Authors: Asma B Aziz; Harish Verma; Visalakshi Jeyaseelan; Mohammad Yunus; Samarea Nowrin; Deborah D Moore; Bernardo A Mainou; Ondrej Mach; Roland W Sutter; Khalequ Zaman Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2022-10-17 Impact factor: 7.759
Authors: Deepa Gamage; Ondrej Mach; Samitha Ginige; William C Weldon; M Steven Oberste; Visalakshi Jeyaseelan; Roland W Sutter Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2019-05-24 Impact factor: 7.759
Authors: Ali Faisal Saleem; Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai; Ondrej Mach; Asia Khan; Farheen Quadri; William C Weldon; M Steven Oberste; Syed S Zaidi; Muhammad M Alam; Roland W Sutter; Anita K M Zaidi Journal: Vaccine Date: 2018-02-21 Impact factor: 3.641