Shanshan Li1,2, Yeyi Zhu1,3, Edwina Yeung1, Jorge E Chavarro2,4,5, Changzheng Yuan2,4,5, Alison E Field2,4,6,7, Stacey A Missmer2,4,8,6, James L Mills1, Frank B Hu2,4,5, Cuilin Zhang1. 1. Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA. 4. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 5. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 6. Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. 8. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
Background: Animal data suggest sexually dimorphic programming of obesity in response to altered intrauterine environment, but the longitudinal impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on sex-specific risk of offspring obesity in humans is unclear. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 15 009 US individuals (7946 female and 7063 male) from the Growing-Up Today Study, who were followed from 1996 (ages 9-14 years) through 2010. Height and weight from validated questionnaires were used to derive body mass index (BMI) at different ages. Obesity during childhood (< 18 years) and adulthood (≥ 18 years) were defined using the International Obesity Task Force and the World Health Organization criteria. GDM exposure was identified through self-reported questionnaires from mothers. Relative risks were estimated using multivariable log-binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations accounting for clustering within the same family. Results: Male offspring born from pregnancies complicated by GDM had higher BMI compared with non-GDM offspring and had increased risk of obesity; the adjusted relative risk [RR, 95% confidence interval (CI)] was 1.47 (1.11-1.95) for all age groups, 1.59 (1.05-2.41) for late childhood, 1.48 (1.06-2.06) for adolescence and 1.39 (1.00-1.94) for early adulthood. No significant association between obesity and maternal GDM was observed among female participants (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.71-1.33). Conclusions: The association of GDM with offspring obesity from late childhood through early adulthood may differ by sex; a significant association was observed among male but not female offspring. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States.
Background: Animal data suggest sexually dimorphic programming of obesity in response to altered intrauterine environment, but the longitudinal impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on sex-specific risk of offspring obesity in humans is unclear. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 15 009 US individuals (7946 female and 7063 male) from the Growing-Up Today Study, who were followed from 1996 (ages 9-14 years) through 2010. Height and weight from validated questionnaires were used to derive body mass index (BMI) at different ages. Obesity during childhood (< 18 years) and adulthood (≥ 18 years) were defined using the International Obesity Task Force and the World Health Organization criteria. GDM exposure was identified through self-reported questionnaires from mothers. Relative risks were estimated using multivariable log-binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations accounting for clustering within the same family. Results: Male offspring born from pregnancies complicated by GDM had higher BMI compared with non-GDM offspring and had increased risk of obesity; the adjusted relative risk [RR, 95% confidence interval (CI)] was 1.47 (1.11-1.95) for all age groups, 1.59 (1.05-2.41) for late childhood, 1.48 (1.06-2.06) for adolescence and 1.39 (1.00-1.94) for early adulthood. No significant association between obesity and maternal GDM was observed among female participants (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.71-1.33). Conclusions: The association of GDM with offspring obesity from late childhood through early adulthood may differ by sex; a significant association was observed among male but not female offspring. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States.
Authors: Jens H Nielsen; Tobias N Haase; Caroline Jaksch; Amarnadh Nalla; Birgitte Søstrup; Anjana A Nalla; Louise Larsen; Morten Rasmussen; Louise T Dalgaard; Louise W Gaarn; Peter Thams; Hans Kofod; Nils Billestrup Journal: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Date: 2014-10-10 Impact factor: 3.636
Authors: A F M van Abeelen; S R de Rooij; C Osmond; R C Painter; M V E Veenendaal; P M M Bossuyt; S G Elias; D E Grobbee; Y T van der Schouw; D J P Barker; T J Roseboom Journal: Placenta Date: 2011-07-13 Impact factor: 3.481
Authors: Colin P Hawkes; Jonathan O'B Hourihane; Louise C Kenny; Alan D Irvine; Mairead Kiely; Deirdre M Murray Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2011-08-08 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Gemma C Sharp; Debbie A Lawlor; Rebecca C Richmond; Abigail Fraser; Andrew Simpkin; Matthew Suderman; Hashem A Shihab; Oliver Lyttleton; Wendy McArdle; Susan M Ring; Tom R Gaunt; George Davey Smith; Caroline L Relton Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2015-04-08 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Ming Ding; Jorge Chavarro; Sjurdur Olsen; Yuan Lin; Sylvia H Ley; Wei Bao; Shristi Rawal; Louise G Grunnet; Anne Cathrine B Thuesen; James L Mills; Edwina Yeung; Stefanie N Hinkle; Wei Zhang; Allan Vaag; Aiyi Liu; Frank B Hu; Cuilin Zhang Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2018-06-12 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Mya-Thway Tint; Suresh A Sadananthan; Shu-E Soh; Izzuddin M Aris; Navin Michael; Kok H Tan; Lynette P C Shek; Fabian Yap; Peter D Gluckman; Yap-Seng Chong; Keith M Godfrey; S Sendhil Velan; Shiao-Yng Chan; Johan G Eriksson; Marielle V Fortier; Cuilin Zhang; Yung S Lee Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2020-07-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Isabel Garcia-Martin; Richard J A Penketh; Anna B Janssen; Rhiannon E Jones; Julia Grimstead; Duncan M Baird; Rosalind M John Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-12-11 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Mohammad L Rahman; Yen-Chen A Feng; Oliver Fiehn; Paul S Albert; Michael Y Tsai; Yeyi Zhu; Xiaobin Wang; Fasil Tekola-Ayele; Liming Liang; Cuilin Zhang Journal: BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care Date: 2021-03