Qi Liu1, Wei Xia2, Xin Xiong1, Ju-Xiao Li1, Ying Li1, Shun-Qing Xu1, Yuan-Yuan Li1. 1. Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. 2. Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. xiawei@hust.edu.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important risk factors that are known to affect offspring growth, but these outcomes are inconsistent and it remains unknown if both risk factors have a synergetic effect on early childhood growth. The present study aimed to conduct offspring body mass index-for-age Z-scores (BMIZ) trajectories and to evaluate the independent and interactive effect of the status of GDM and excessive GWG on the risks of overweight/obesity from birth to 24 months of age. METHODS: A total of 7949 mother-child pairs were enrolled in this study. The weight and length of children were measured at birth, 6, 12, and 24 months of age to calculate BMIZ. RESULTS: The status of GDM was positively associated with offspring BMIZ and risk of macrosomia at birth but was not associated with offspring BMIZ or the risks of overweight/obesity at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. In contrast, excessive GWG was positively linked to offspring BMIZ, the stable high BMIZ trajectory pattern, and risks of overweight/obesity in the first 24 months of age. These two risk factors also had a significant synergistic effect on macrosomia at birth, but the interactive effect was only significant in boys during the follow-up years in the sex-stratified analyses. CONCLUSION: The maternal GWG was a more pronounced predictor than GDM with relation to BMIZ and risk of overweight/obesity in early childhood. The interactive effect between these risk factors on offspring overweight/obesity may vary by sex.
OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important risk factors that are known to affect offspring growth, but these outcomes are inconsistent and it remains unknown if both risk factors have a synergetic effect on early childhood growth. The present study aimed to conduct offspring body mass index-for-age Z-scores (BMIZ) trajectories and to evaluate the independent and interactive effect of the status of GDM and excessive GWG on the risks of overweight/obesity from birth to 24 months of age. METHODS: A total of 7949 mother-child pairs were enrolled in this study. The weight and length of children were measured at birth, 6, 12, and 24 months of age to calculate BMIZ. RESULTS: The status of GDM was positively associated with offspring BMIZ and risk of macrosomia at birth but was not associated with offspring BMIZ or the risks of overweight/obesity at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. In contrast, excessive GWG was positively linked to offspring BMIZ, the stable high BMIZ trajectory pattern, and risks of overweight/obesity in the first 24 months of age. These two risk factors also had a significant synergistic effect on macrosomia at birth, but the interactive effect was only significant in boys during the follow-up years in the sex-stratified analyses. CONCLUSION: The maternal GWG was a more pronounced predictor than GDM with relation to BMIZ and risk of overweight/obesity in early childhood. The interactive effect between these risk factors on offspring overweight/obesity may vary by sex.
Authors: Mark B Landon; Lisa Mele; Michael W Varner; Brian M Casey; Uma M Reddy; Ronald J Wapner; Dwight J Rouse; Alan T N Tita; John M Thorp; Edward K Chien; George Saade; William Grobman; Sean C Blackwell; J Peter VanDorsten Journal: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med Date: 2018-07-18
Authors: Leslie Touger; Helen C Looker; Jonathan Krakoff; Robert S Lindsay; Valerie Cook; William C Knowler Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2005-03 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Ellis Voerman; Susana Santos; Bernadeta Patro Golab; Pilar Amiano; Ferran Ballester; Henrique Barros; Anna Bergström; Marie-Aline Charles; Leda Chatzi; Cécile Chevrier; George P Chrousos; Eva Corpeleijn; Nathalie Costet; Sarah Crozier; Graham Devereux; Merete Eggesbø; Sandra Ekström; Maria Pia Fantini; Sara Farchi; Francesco Forastiere; Vagelis Georgiu; Keith M Godfrey; Davide Gori; Veit Grote; Wojciech Hanke; Irva Hertz-Picciotto; Barbara Heude; Daniel Hryhorczuk; Rae-Chi Huang; Hazel Inskip; Nina Iszatt; Anne M Karvonen; Louise C Kenny; Berthold Koletzko; Leanne K Küpers; Hanna Lagström; Irina Lehmann; Per Magnus; Renata Majewska; Johanna Mäkelä; Yannis Manios; Fionnuala M McAuliffe; Sheila W McDonald; John Mehegan; Monique Mommers; Camilla S Morgen; Trevor A Mori; George Moschonis; Deirdre Murray; Carol Ní Chaoimh; Ellen A Nohr; Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen; Emily Oken; Adriëtte J J M Oostvogels; Agnieszka Pac; Eleni Papadopoulou; Juha Pekkanen; Costanza Pizzi; Kinga Polanska; Daniela Porta; Lorenzo Richiardi; Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman; Luca Ronfani; Ana C Santos; Marie Standl; Camilla Stoltenberg; Elisabeth Thiering; Carel Thijs; Maties Torrent; Suzanne C Tough; Tomas Trnovec; Steve Turner; Lenie van Rossem; Andrea von Berg; Martine Vrijheid; Tanja G M Vrijkotte; Jane West; Alet Wijga; John Wright; Oleksandr Zvinchuk; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Debbie A Lawlor; Romy Gaillard; Vincent W V Jaddoe Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2019-02-11 Impact factor: 11.069