Studies with alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists and alcohol abstinence syndrome in rats.

Various alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists were assessed for their effects on alcohol abstinence syndrome in rats. In the first experimental model, groups of Wistar rats were made alcohol dependent by feeding alcohol together with sweetened milk for 15 days. The volume of fluid intake was measured every 12 h to determine daily ethanol consumption. Abstinence signs following abrupt alcohol withdrawal were observed in control as well as test groups receiving various alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists. Clonidine, guanfacine and B-HT 920, in equimolar concentration (0.5 microM/kg), effectively attenuated the various abstinence signs, which developed after alcohol withdrawal. In the other experimental model, rats were subjected to cold water immersion to induce wet shakes. The inhibitory action of alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists was assessed in this test model. Clonidine, guanfacine and B-HT 920 markedly suppressed the cold water immersion-induced wet shakes and pretreatment with yohimbine (0.1 and 2.0 microM/kg) reversed this inhibitory effect. The present data reveal the possible therapeutic potential of alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists in alleviating alcohol abstinence syndrome, and suggest that the resultant reduced noradrenergic activity may be responsible for the beneficial action.