Taste effects of 'umami' substances in hamsters as studied by electrophysiological and conditioned taste aversion techniques.

Behavioral and electrophysiological experiments were performed to examine whether or not the taste of 'umami' substances such as monosodium glutamate (MSG), disodium 5'-inosinate (IMP), and disodium 5'-guanilate (GMP) is really unique in hamsters. When the animals were conditioned to avoid ingestion of MSG (or IMP) or their mixture by pairing its ingestion with an i.p. injection of LiCl, suppression of drinking generalized to IMP (or MSG), GMP, NaCl, and other sodium salts. Suppression of drinking after conditioning to NaCl generalized to MSG, IMP, GMP, and inorganic sodium salts. These learned aversions to umami substances and sodium salts were abolished by bilateral deafferentation of the chorda tympani, but were not affected by destruction of the bilateral glossopharyngeal nerves. The integrated whole-nerve responses of the chorda tympani to MSG, IMP, and NaCl were similar to each other, consisting of the initial dynamic phase and the following tonic phase. Synergism of chorda tympani responses to a mixture of MSG and IMP was not observed. Across-fiber response patterns of the chorda tympani for MSG, IMP, or their mixture were very similar to that for NaCl. Even the high concentrations of umami substances (0.3 M MSG, 0.3 M IMP, and the mixture) did not elicit any detectable responses in the glossopharyngeal nerve. These results suggest that the taste of umami substances is not unique in the hamster, but is similar to that of sodium salts, and is mediated exclusively via the chorda tympani.