Jose L Mattos1, Rodney J Schlosser1,2, Kristina A Storck1, Zachary M Soler1. 1. Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. 2. Department of Surgery, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly impacts olfaction. However, the relationship between objective olfaction and patient-reported olfactory-specific quality of life (QOL) is not well understood. Furthermore, objective olfactory testing can be time consuming, so we sought to determine if patient-reported olfactory QOL can be used as screening tool for olfactory dysfunction. METHODS: Olfactory dysfunction was evaluated in 109 patients with CRS using the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (QOD-NS) and the Sniffin' Sticks Test, assessing for olfactory threshold, discrimination, identification, and overall composite scores (TDI; composite score of threshold, discrimination, and identification). Regression analysis was performed to correlate olfactory metrics and patient and disease-specific factors with QOD-NS scores. Optimal QOD-NS scores to classify patients based upon objective olfactory function were established. RESULTS: Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses of QOD-NS and CRS-associated comorbidities, objective measures of disease, demographics, and CRS-specific QOL were performed. Non-white race, depression, and worse 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores correlated with worse QOD-NS scores (p < 0.005). Worse TDI scores correlated with worse QOD-NS scores, and discrimination had the strongest correlation (p < 0.001). Mean ± standard deviation (SD) QOD-NS scores for normosmia, hyposmia, and anosmia were 44 ± 7.2, 35.7 ± 12.8, and 31.6 ± 10.7, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.770 (p < 0.001), and a QOD-NS cutoff of 38.5 to have maximal Youden's index to define normal vs abnormal TDI score. CONCLUSION: In CRS, QOD-NS correlates with non-white race, depression, SNOT-22, and TDI score, with discrimination having the strongest correlation. The QOD-NS also appears to be a feasible tool for olfaction screening.
BACKGROUND:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly impacts olfaction. However, the relationship between objective olfaction and patient-reported olfactory-specific quality of life (QOL) is not well understood. Furthermore, objective olfactory testing can be time consuming, so we sought to determine if patient-reported olfactory QOL can be used as screening tool for olfactory dysfunction. METHODS:Olfactory dysfunction was evaluated in 109 patients with CRS using the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (QOD-NS) and the Sniffin' Sticks Test, assessing for olfactory threshold, discrimination, identification, and overall composite scores (TDI; composite score of threshold, discrimination, and identification). Regression analysis was performed to correlate olfactory metrics and patient and disease-specific factors with QOD-NS scores. Optimal QOD-NS scores to classify patients based upon objective olfactory function were established. RESULTS: Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses of QOD-NS and CRS-associated comorbidities, objective measures of disease, demographics, and CRS-specific QOL were performed. Non-white race, depression, and worse 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores correlated with worse QOD-NS scores (p < 0.005). Worse TDI scores correlated with worse QOD-NS scores, and discrimination had the strongest correlation (p < 0.001). Mean ± standard deviation (SD) QOD-NS scores for normosmia, hyposmia, and anosmia were 44 ± 7.2, 35.7 ± 12.8, and 31.6 ± 10.7, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.770 (p < 0.001), and a QOD-NS cutoff of 38.5 to have maximal Youden's index to define normal vs abnormal TDI score. CONCLUSION: In CRS, QOD-NS correlates with non-white race, depression, SNOT-22, and TDI score, with discrimination having the strongest correlation. The QOD-NS also appears to be a feasible tool for olfaction screening.
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