Anh Ngo1, Kai-Wen Cheng2, Frank J Chaloupka3, Ce Shang4. 1. Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. Electronic address: ango4@uic.edu. 2. Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; Division of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 3. Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. 4. Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. Electronic address: cshang@uic.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the MPOWER package to support policy implementation under the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). This study examined the effect of MPOWER policies on smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in a global context. METHODS: The MPOWER composite score was constructed by adding up the six MPOWER scores for each country and survey year 2007-2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014, with a possible range between 6 (1 in each of the six score) and 29 (4 in M score and 5 in POWER scores). MPOWER composite scores that measured policy implementation were then linked to cigarette smoking prevalence and consumption data from Euromonitor International. Fractional logit and OLS regressions were employed to examine the effect of the composite MPOWER score on adult smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption, respectively. RESULTS: Results indicate that a 1-unit increase in the composite score reduces smoking prevalence by 0.2 percentage points (p<0.05) among adults and 0.3 percentage points (p<0.01) among adult males; and a reduction of 23 sticks of cigarette (1 pack of cigarettes) in cigarette consumption per capita per year. At this rate, if countries had implemented the MPOWER package to the highest levels during 2007-2014, they would have experienced a reduction in smoking prevalence of 7.26% among adults and 7.87% among adult males and a reduction of 13.80% in cigarette consumption. CONCLUSIONS: MPOWER policies were effective in reducing cigarette smoking among adults. Parties should continue to implement MPOWER policies that have been recommended by the WHO FCTC to curb tobacco epidemic.
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the MPOWER package to support policy implementation under the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). This study examined the effect of MPOWER policies on smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in a global context. METHODS: The MPOWER composite score was constructed by adding up the six MPOWER scores for each country and survey year 2007-2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014, with a possible range between 6 (1 in each of the six score) and 29 (4 in M score and 5 in POWER scores). MPOWER composite scores that measured policy implementation were then linked to cigarette smoking prevalence and consumption data from Euromonitor International. Fractional logit and OLS regressions were employed to examine the effect of the composite MPOWER score on adult smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption, respectively. RESULTS: Results indicate that a 1-unit increase in the composite score reduces smoking prevalence by 0.2 percentage points (p<0.05) among adults and 0.3 percentage points (p<0.01) among adult males; and a reduction of 23 sticks of cigarette (1 pack of cigarettes) in cigarette consumption per capita per year. At this rate, if countries had implemented the MPOWER package to the highest levels during 2007-2014, they would have experienced a reduction in smoking prevalence of 7.26% among adults and 7.87% among adult males and a reduction of 13.80% in cigarette consumption. CONCLUSIONS: MPOWER policies were effective in reducing cigarette smoking among adults. Parties should continue to implement MPOWER policies that have been recommended by the WHO FCTC to curb tobacco epidemic.
Authors: Ce Shang; Frank J Chaloupka; Geoffrey T Fong; Mary Thompson; Mohammad Siahpush; William Ridgeway Journal: Tob Control Date: 2015-02-02 Impact factor: 7.552
Authors: Marie Ng; Michael K Freeman; Thomas D Fleming; Margaret Robinson; Laura Dwyer-Lindgren; Blake Thomson; Alexandra Wollum; Ella Sanman; Sarah Wulf; Alan D Lopez; Christopher J L Murray; Emmanuela Gakidou Journal: JAMA Date: 2014-01-08 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Lin Li; Ahmed I Fathelrahman; Ron Borland; Maizurah Omar; Geoffrey T Fong; Anne C K Quah; Buppha Sirirassamee; Hua-Hie Yong Journal: J Smok Cessat Date: 2016-02-01
Authors: Ce Shang; Jidong Huang; Kai-Wen Cheng; Yanyun He; Frank J Chaloupka Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2017-01-21 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Ce Shang; Frank J Chaloupka; Geoffrey T Fong; Prakash C Gupta; Mangesh S Pednekar Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2018-09-25 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Ce Shang; Amit Yadav; Michal Stoklosa; Anna Kontsevaya; Fabian B Lewis; Adrian Pana; Irene Reyes Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-10-03 Impact factor: 3.240