DNA Topoisomerase II modulates acetyl-regulation of cohesin-mediated chromosome dynamics.

Cohesin is one of three multi-protein structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complexes that regulate eukaryotic chromosome dynamics. It forms a ring-shaped structure that embraces sister chromatids through interphase to promote their pairing. In preparation for mitosis, most cohesin is stripped from the chromosome arms in prophase by a poorly defined process that is associated with cohesin phosphorylation. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe this prophase pathway is dependent on the cohesin-related Smc5/6 complex, and this requirement is heightened in Smc5/6 hypomorphs by DNA damage, replication stress and Topoisomerase II (Top2) dysfunction. Cohesin interacts with chromosomes immediately upon mitotic exit and becomes cohesive coincident with DNA replication. Cohesiveness is promoted by acetylation of the Smc3 subunit by an acetyltransferase, known as Eso1 in the S. pombe, which counteracts the anti-cohesive function(s) of the cohesin regulators Pds5 and Wpl1. We recently showed that Eso1 and Smc5/6 antagonize each other, and concurrent inactivation restores sister chromatid separation following genotoxic stress. Here, we have investigated the relationship between Top2 and Eso1 in successful completion of mitosis. We observe that partial inactivation of both results in a synthetic lethal mitotic block, but this is not overcome by deleting pds5 or wpl1. However, analysis of both acetyl-blocking and mimetic mutations in Smc3 indicates that the cycling of cohesin acetyl-regulation is more important than acetyl-status per se, highlighting the non-linear nature of the cohesin cycle.