M P Kotlarczyk1, S Perera2,3, M A Ferchak2, D A Nace2, N M Resnick2, S L Greenspan2,4. 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 1110 Kaufmann Medical Building, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. mpk38@pitt.edu. 2. Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 1110 Kaufmann Medical Building, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. 3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 4. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Abstract
We examined the impact of daily supplementation on vitamin D deficiency, function, and falls in female long-term care residents. Initial vitamin D deficiency was associated with greater functional decline and increased fall risk despite guideline-recommended supplementation, highlighting the importance of preventing vitamin D deficiency in frail elderly. INTRODUCTION: Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines recommend 800 IU vitamin D daily for older adults and maintaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] above 20 ng/ml for optimal skeletal health. The adequacy of IOM guidelines for sustaining function and reducing falls in frail elderly is unknown. METHODS: Female long-term care residents aged ≥65 enrolled in an osteoporosis clinical trial were included in this analysis (n = 137). Participants were classified based on baseline 25(OH) D levels as deficient (<20 ng/ml, n = 26), insufficient (20-30 ng/ml, n = 40), or sufficient (>30 ng/ml, n = 71). Deficient women were provided initial vitamin D repletion (50,000 IU D3 weekly for 8 weeks). All were supplemented with 800 IU vitamin D3 daily for 24 months. Annual functional assessments included Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Instrumental ADL (IADL), physical performance test (PPT), gait speed, cognition (SPMSQ), and mental health (PHQ-9). We used linear mixed models for analysis of functional measures and logistic regression for falls. RESULTS: Daily supplementation maintained 25(OH) D levels above 20 ng/ml in 95% of participants. All groups demonstrated functional decline. Women initially deficient had a greater decline in physical function at 12 (IADL -2.0 ± 0.4, PPT -3.1 ± 0.7, both p < 0.01) and 24 months (IADL -2.5 ± 0.6, ADL -2.5 ± 0.6, both p < 0.01), a larger increase in cognitive deficits at 12 months (1.7 ± 0.4: p = 0.01) and more fallers (88.5%, p = 0.04) compared to those sufficient at baseline, despite supplementation to sufficient levels. CONCLUSIONS: IOM guidelines may not be adequate for frail elderly. Further study of optimal 25(OH) D levels for maintaining function and preventing falls is needed.
We examined the impact of daily supplementation on vitamin D deficiency, function, and falls in female long-term care residents. Initial vitamin D deficiency was associated with greater functional decline and increased fall risk despite guideline-recommended supplementation, highlighting the importance of preventing vitamin D deficiency in frail elderly. INTRODUCTION: Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines recommend 800 IU vitamin D daily for older adults and maintaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] above 20 ng/ml for optimal skeletal health. The adequacy of IOM guidelines for sustaining function and reducing falls in frail elderly is unknown. METHODS: Female long-term care residents aged ≥65 enrolled in an osteoporosis clinical trial were included in this analysis (n = 137). Participants were classified based on baseline 25(OH) D levels as deficient (<20 ng/ml, n = 26), insufficient (20-30 ng/ml, n = 40), or sufficient (>30 ng/ml, n = 71). Deficient women were provided initial vitamin D repletion (50,000 IU D3 weekly for 8 weeks). All were supplemented with 800 IU vitamin D3 daily for 24 months. Annual functional assessments included Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Instrumental ADL (IADL), physical performance test (PPT), gait speed, cognition (SPMSQ), and mental health (PHQ-9). We used linear mixed models for analysis of functional measures and logistic regression for falls. RESULTS: Daily supplementation maintained 25(OH) D levels above 20 ng/ml in 95% of participants. All groups demonstrated functional decline. Women initially deficient had a greater decline in physical function at 12 (IADL -2.0 ± 0.4, PPT -3.1 ± 0.7, both p < 0.01) and 24 months (IADL -2.5 ± 0.6, ADL -2.5 ± 0.6, both p < 0.01), a larger increase in cognitive deficits at 12 months (1.7 ± 0.4: p = 0.01) and more fallers (88.5%, p = 0.04) compared to those sufficient at baseline, despite supplementation to sufficient levels. CONCLUSIONS: IOM guidelines may not be adequate for frail elderly. Further study of optimal 25(OH) D levels for maintaining function and preventing falls is needed.
Authors: Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari; Thomas Dietrich; E John Orav; Frank B Hu; Yuqing Zhang; Elisabeth W Karlson; Bess Dawson-Hughes Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2004-09 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Susan L Greenspan; Subashan Perera; Mary Anne Ferchak; David A Nace; Neil M Resnick Journal: JAMA Intern Med Date: 2015-06 Impact factor: 21.873
Authors: Joshua W Miller; Danielle J Harvey; Laurel A Beckett; Ralph Green; Sarah Tomaszewski Farias; Bruce R Reed; John M Olichney; Dan M Mungas; Charles DeCarli Journal: JAMA Neurol Date: 2015-11 Impact factor: 18.302
Authors: Karen E Hansen; R Erin Johnson; Kaitlin R Chambers; Michael G Johnson; Christina C Lemon; Tien Nguyen Thuy Vo; Sheeva Marvdashti Journal: JAMA Intern Med Date: 2015-10 Impact factor: 21.873
Authors: Dörthe Brüggmann; Annahita Alafi; Jenny Jaque; Doris Klingelhöfer; Michael H Bendels; Daniela Ohlendorf; David Quarcoo; Frank Louwen; Sue A Ingles; Eileen M Wanke; David A Groneberg Journal: Nutr J Date: 2018-01-06 Impact factor: 3.271
Authors: R M T K Ranathunga; T R Hill; J C Mathers; R M Francis; A Prentice; I Schoenmakers; T J Aspray Journal: J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol Date: 2018-12-21 Impact factor: 4.292
Authors: Sarah Hakeem; Nuno Mendonca; Terry Aspray; Andrew Kingston; Carmen Ruiz-Martin; Carol Jagger; John C Mathers; Rachel Duncan; Tom R Hill Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-09-09 Impact factor: 6.706