Frank B Hu1, Ambika Satija1, Eric B Rimm1, Donna Spiegelman1, Laura Sampson1, Bernard Rosner1, Carlos A Camargo1, Meir Stampfer1, Walter C Willett1. 1. Frank B. Hu, Ambika Satija, Eric B. Rimm, Donna Spiegelman, Laura Sampson, Meir Stampfer, and Walter C. Willett are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bernard Rosner and Carlos A. Camargo Jr. are with the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to diet assessment methods and evidence-based nutritional policies and guidelines. METHODS: We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. RESULTS: Through periodic assessment of diet by validated dietary questionnaires over 40 years, the NHSs have identified dietary determinants of diseases such as breast and other cancers; obesity; type 2 diabetes; cardiovascular, respiratory, and eye diseases; and neurodegenerative and mental health disorders. Nutritional biomarkers were assessed using blood, urine, and toenail samples. Robust findings, from the NHSs, together with evidence from other large cohorts and randomized dietary intervention trials, have contributed to the evidence base for developing dietary guidelines and nutritional policies to reduce intakes of trans fat, saturated fat, sugar-sweetened beverages, red and processed meats, and refined carbohydrates while promoting higher intake of healthy fats and carbohydrates and overall healthful dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term, periodically collected dietary data in the NHSs, with documented reliability and validity, have contributed extensively to our understanding of the dietary determinants of various diseases, informing dietary guidelines and shaping nutritional policy.
OBJECTIVES: To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to diet assessment methods and evidence-based nutritional policies and guidelines. METHODS: We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. RESULTS: Through periodic assessment of diet by validated dietary questionnaires over 40 years, the NHSs have identified dietary determinants of diseases such as breast and other cancers; obesity; type 2 diabetes; cardiovascular, respiratory, and eye diseases; and neurodegenerative and mental health disorders. Nutritional biomarkers were assessed using blood, urine, and toenail samples. Robust findings, from the NHSs, together with evidence from other large cohorts and randomized dietary intervention trials, have contributed to the evidence base for developing dietary guidelines and nutritional policies to reduce intakes of trans fat, saturated fat, sugar-sweetened beverages, red and processed meats, and refined carbohydrates while promoting higher intake of healthy fats and carbohydrates and overall healthful dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term, periodically collected dietary data in the NHSs, with documented reliability and validity, have contributed extensively to our understanding of the dietary determinants of various diseases, informing dietary guidelines and shaping nutritional policy.
Authors: Cara B Ebbeling; Henry A Feldman; Virginia R Chomitz; Tracy A Antonelli; Steven L Gortmaker; Stavroula K Osganian; David S Ludwig Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2012-09-21 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: W C Willett; L Sampson; M J Stampfer; B Rosner; C Bain; J Witschi; C H Hennekens; F E Speizer Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1985-07 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Jill Reedy; Susan M Krebs-Smith; Paige E Miller; Angela D Liese; Lisa L Kahle; Yikyung Park; Amy F Subar Journal: J Nutr Date: 2014-02-26 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Mercedes Sotos-Prieto; Shilpa N Bhupathiraju; Josiemer Mattei; Teresa T Fung; Yanping Li; An Pan; Walter C Willett; Eric B Rimm; Frank B Hu Journal: Circulation Date: 2015-10-05 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Ying Bao; Monica L Bertoia; Elizabeth B Lenart; Meir J Stampfer; Walter C Willett; Frank E Speizer; Jorge E Chavarro Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2016-07-26 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Adela Hruby; Marta Guasch-Ferré; Shilpa N Bhupathiraju; JoAnn E Manson; Walter C Willett; Nicola M McKeown; Frank B Hu Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2017-10-04 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Jun Li; Marta Guasch-Ferré; Wonil Chung; Miguel Ruiz-Canela; Estefanía Toledo; Dolores Corella; Shilpa N Bhupathiraju; Deirdre K Tobias; Fred K Tabung; Jie Hu; Tong Zhao; Constance Turman; Yen-Chen Anne Feng; Clary B Clish; Lorelei Mucci; A Heather Eliassen; Karen H Costenbader; Elizabeth W Karlson; Brian M Wolpin; Alberto Ascherio; Eric B Rimm; JoAnn E Manson; Lu Qi; Miguel Ángel Martínez-González; Jordi Salas-Salvadó; Frank B Hu; Liming Liang Journal: Eur Heart J Date: 2020-07-21 Impact factor: 35.855
Authors: Alexi N Archambault; Yi Lin; Jihyoun Jeon; Tabitha A Harrison; D Timothy Bishop; Hermann Brenner; Graham Casey; Andrew T Chan; Jenny Chang-Claude; Jane C Figueiredo; Steven Gallinger; Stephen B Gruber; Marc J Gunter; Michael Hoffmeister; Mark A Jenkins; Temitope O Keku; Loïc Le Marchand; Li Li; Victor Moreno; Polly A Newcomb; Rish Pai; Patrick S Parfrey; Gad Rennert; Lori C Sakoda; Robert S Sandler; Martha L Slattery; Mingyang Song; Aung Ko Win; Michael O Woods; Neil Murphy; Peter T Campbell; Yu-Ru Su; Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte; Peter S Liang; Mengmeng Du; Li Hsu; Ulrike Peters; Richard B Hayes Journal: JNCI Cancer Spectr Date: 2021-05-20
Authors: Makiko Mitsunami; Albert Salas-Huetos; Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón; Jill A Attaman; Jennifer B Ford; Martin Kathrins; Irene Souter; Jorge E Chavarro Journal: J Assist Reprod Genet Date: 2021-06-26 Impact factor: 3.357