Karri Silventoinen1, Aline Jelenkovic2, Reijo Sund3, Yoon-Mi Hur4, Yoshie Yokoyama5, Chika Honda6, Jacob vB Hjelmborg7, Sören Möller7, Syuichi Ooki8, Sari Aaltonen9, Fuling Ji10, Feng Ning10, Zengchang Pang10, Esther Rebato11, Andreas Busjahn12, Christian Kandler13, Kimberly J Saudino14, Kerry L Jang15, Wendy Cozen16, Amie E Hwang17, Thomas M Mack16, Wenjing Gao18, Canqing Yu18, Liming Li18, Robin P Corley19, Brooke M Huibregtse19, Kaare Christensen20, Axel Skytthe7, Kirsten O Kyvik21, Catherine A Derom22, Robert F Vlietinck23, Ruth Jf Loos24, Kauko Heikkilä25, Jane Wardle26, Clare H Llewellyn26, Abigail Fisher26, Tom A McAdams27, Thalia C Eley28, Alice M Gregory29, Mingguang He30, Xiaohu Ding31, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen32, Henning Beck-Nielsen33, Morten Sodemann34, Adam D Tarnoki35, David L Tarnoki35, Maria A Stazi36, Corrado Fagnani36, Cristina D'Ippolito36, Ariel Knafo-Noam37, David Mankuta38, Lior Abramson37, S Alexandra Burt39, Kelly L Klump39, Judy L Silberg40, Lindon J Eaves40, Hermine H Maes41, Robert F Krueger42, Matt McGue42, Shandell Pahlen42, Margaret Gatz43, David A Butler44, Meike Bartels45, Toos Cem van Beijsterveldt45, Jeffrey M Craig46, Richard Saffery46, Duarte L Freitas47, José Antonio Maia48, Lise Dubois49, Michel Boivin50, Mara Brendgen51, Ginette Dionne52, Frank Vitaro53, Nicholas G Martin54, Sarah E Medland54, Grant W Montgomery55, Youngsook Chong56, Gary E Swan57, Ruth Krasnow58, Patrik Ke Magnusson59, Nancy L Pedersen59, Per Tynelius60, Paul Lichtenstein59, Claire Ma Haworth61, Robert Plomin28, Gombojav Bayasgalan62, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai63, K Paige Harden64, Elliot M Tucker-Drob64, Sevgi Y Öncel65, Fazil Aliev66, Timothy Spector67, Massimo Mangino67, Genevieve Lachance67, Laura A Baker68, Catherine Tuvblad69, Glen E Duncan70, Dedra Buchwald71, Gonneke Willemsen45, Finn Rasmussen60, Jack H Goldberg72, Thorkild Ia Sørensen73, Dorret I Boomsma45, Jaakko Kaprio74. 1. Departments of Social Research and Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; karri.silventoinen@helsinki.fi. 2. Departments of Social Research and Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain; 3. Departments of Social Research and. 4. Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea; 5. Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan; 6. Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; 7. The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, and. 8. Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan; 9. Departments of Social Research and Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 10. Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China; 11. Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain; 12. HealthTwiSt GmbH, Berlin, Germany; 13. Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; 14. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA; 15. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; 16. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA; 17. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, and. 18. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; 19. Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Boulder, CO; 20. The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, and Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Clinical Genetics. 21. Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Odense Patient data Explorative Network, and. 22. Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium; 23. Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 24. The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; 25. Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 26. Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom; 27. Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, and. 28. MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, and. 29. Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom; 30. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; 31. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; 32. Departments of Endocrinology and Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; 33. Departments of Endocrinology and. 34. Departments of Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 35. Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary; 36. Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy; 37. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; 38. Hadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; 39. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; 40. Department of Human and Molecular Genetics. 41. Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; 42. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; 43. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Departments of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and. 44. Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences Washington, DC; 45. Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 46. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; 47. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; 48. Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, Porto, University of Porto, Portugal; 49. School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 50. École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation; 51. Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; 52. École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; 53. École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; 54. Genetic Epidemiology Department and. 55. Molecular Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; 56. Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea; 57. Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; 58. Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA; 59. Departments of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and. 60. Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 61. MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; 62. Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; 63. Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; 64. Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; 65. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey; 66. Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology. 67. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom; 68. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; 69. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro, Sweden; 70. College of Medicine, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA; 71. Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University, Seattle, WA; 72. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 73. MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (Section on Metabolic Genetics) and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen,Denmark; Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark; 74. Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. DESIGN: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a(2) = 0.42) and girls (a(2) = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.
BACKGROUND: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. DESIGN: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a(2) = 0.42) and girls (a(2) = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.
Authors: Peter Rzehak; André Scherag; Harald Grallert; Stefanie Sausenthaler; Sibylle Koletzko; Carl Peter Bauer; Beate Schaaf; Andrea von Berg; Dietrich Berdel; Michael Borte; Olf Herbarth; Ursula Krämer; Thomas Illig; H-Erich Wichmann; Johannes Hebebrand; Joachim Heinrich Journal: Obes Facts Date: 2010-05-28 Impact factor: 3.942
Authors: Steven Boker; Michael Neale; Hermine Maes; Michael Wilde; Michael Spiegel; Timothy Brick; Jeffrey Spies; Ryne Estabrook; Sarah Kenny; Timothy Bates; Paras Mehta; John Fox Journal: Psychometrika Date: 2011-04-01 Impact factor: 2.500
Authors: Karri Silventoinen; Aline Jelenkovic; Reijo Sund; Chika Honda; Sari Aaltonen; Yoshie Yokoyama; Adam D Tarnoki; David L Tarnoki; Feng Ning; Fuling Ji; Zengchang Pang; Juan R Ordoñana; Juan F Sánchez-Romera; Lucia Colodro-Conde; S Alexandra Burt; Kelly L Klump; Sarah E Medland; Grant W Montgomery; Christian Kandler; Tom A McAdams; Thalia C Eley; Alice M Gregory; Kimberly J Saudino; Lise Dubois; Michel Boivin; Claire M A Haworth; Robert Plomin; Sevgi Y Öncel; Fazil Aliev; Maria A Stazi; Corrado Fagnani; Cristina D'Ippolito; Jeffrey M Craig; Richard Saffery; Sisira H Siribaddana; Matthew Hotopf; Athula Sumathipala; Timothy Spector; Massimo Mangino; Genevieve Lachance; Margaret Gatz; David A Butler; Gombojav Bayasgalan; Danshiitsoodol Narandalai; Duarte L Freitas; José Antonio Maia; K Paige Harden; Elliot M Tucker-Drob; Kaare Christensen; Axel Skytthe; Kirsten O Kyvik; Changhee Hong; Youngsook Chong; Catherine A Derom; Robert F Vlietinck; Ruth J F Loos; Wendy Cozen; Amie E Hwang; Thomas M Mack; Mingguang He; Xiaohu Ding; Billy Chang; Judy L Silberg; Lindon J Eaves; Hermine H Maes; Tessa L Cutler; John L Hopper; Kelly Aujard; Patrik K E Magnusson; Nancy L Pedersen; Anna K Dahl Aslan; Yun-Mi Song; Sarah Yang; Kayoung Lee; Laura A Baker; Catherine Tuvblad; Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen; Henning Beck-Nielsen; Morten Sodemann; Kauko Heikkilä; Qihua Tan; Dongfeng Zhang; Gary E Swan; Ruth Krasnow; Kerry L Jang; Ariel Knafo-Noam; David Mankuta; Lior Abramson; Paul Lichtenstein; Robert F Krueger; Matt McGue; Shandell Pahlen; Per Tynelius; Glen E Duncan; Dedra Buchwald; Robin P Corley; Brooke M Huibregtse; Tracy L Nelson; Keith E Whitfield; Carol E Franz; William S Kremen; Michael J Lyons; Syuichi Ooki; Ingunn Brandt; Thomas Sevenius Nilsen; Fujio Inui; Mikio Watanabe; Meike Bartels; Toos C E M van Beijsterveldt; Jane Wardle; Clare H Llewellyn; Abigail Fisher; Esther Rebato; Nicholas G Martin; Yoshinori Iwatani; Kazuo Hayakawa; Finn Rasmussen; Joohon Sung; Jennifer R Harris; Gonneke Willemsen; Andreas Busjahn; Jack H Goldberg; Dorret I Boomsma; Yoon-Mi Hur; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Jaakko Kaprio Journal: Twin Res Hum Genet Date: 2015-05-27 Impact factor: 1.587
Authors: Benjamin Rokholm; Karri Silventoinen; Lars Ängquist; Axel Skytthe; Kirsten Ohm Kyvik; Thorkild I A Sørensen Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-06-29 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Cathy E Elks; Marcel den Hoed; Jing Hua Zhao; Stephen J Sharp; Nicholas J Wareham; Ruth J F Loos; Ken K Ong Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2012-02-28 Impact factor: 5.555
Authors: Matthew R Robinson; Gibran Hemani; Carolina Medina-Gomez; Massimo Mezzavilla; Tonu Esko; Konstantin Shakhbazov; Joseph E Powell; Anna Vinkhuyzen; Sonja I Berndt; Stefan Gustafsson; Anne E Justice; Bratati Kahali; Adam E Locke; Tune H Pers; Sailaja Vedantam; Andrew R Wood; Wouter van Rheenen; Ole A Andreassen; Paolo Gasparini; Andres Metspalu; Leonard H van den Berg; Jan H Veldink; Fernando Rivadeneira; Thomas M Werge; Goncalo R Abecasis; Dorret I Boomsma; Daniel I Chasman; Eco J C de Geus; Timothy M Frayling; Joel N Hirschhorn; Jouke Jan Hottenga; Erik Ingelsson; Ruth J F Loos; Patrik K E Magnusson; Nicholas G Martin; Grant W Montgomery; Kari E North; Nancy L Pedersen; Timothy D Spector; Elizabeth K Speliotes; Michael E Goddard; Jian Yang; Peter M Visscher Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2015-09-14 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Aline Jelenkovic; Yoshie Yokoyama; Reijo Sund; Chika Honda; Leonie H Bogl; Sari Aaltonen; Fuling Ji; Feng Ning; Zengchang Pang; Juan R Ordoñana; Juan F Sánchez-Romera; Lucia Colodro-Conde; S Alexandra Burt; Kelly L Klump; Sarah E Medland; Grant W Montgomery; Christian Kandler; Tom A McAdams; Thalia C Eley; Alice M Gregory; Kimberly J Saudino; Lise Dubois; Michel Boivin; Adam D Tarnoki; David L Tarnoki; Claire M A Haworth; Robert Plomin; Sevgi Y Öncel; Fazil Aliev; Maria A Stazi; Corrado Fagnani; Cristina D'Ippolito; Jeffrey M Craig; Richard Saffery; Sisira H Siribaddana; Matthew Hotopf; Athula Sumathipala; Fruhling Rijsdijk; Timothy Spector; Massimo Mangino; Genevieve Lachance; Margaret Gatz; David A Butler; Gombojav Bayasgalan; Danshiitsoodol Narandalai; Duarte L Freitas; José Antonio Maia; K Paige Harden; Elliot M Tucker-Drob; Bia Kim; Youngsook Chong; Changhee Hong; Hyun Jung Shin; Kaare Christensen; Axel Skytthe; Kirsten O Kyvik; Catherine A Derom; Robert F Vlietinck; Ruth J F Loos; Wendy Cozen; Amie E Hwang; Thomas M Mack; Mingguang He; Xiaohu Ding; Billy Chang; Judy L Silberg; Lindon J Eaves; Hermine H Maes; Tessa L Cutler; John L Hopper; Kelly Aujard; Patrik K E Magnusson; Nancy L Pedersen; Anna K Dahl Aslan; Yun-Mi Song; Sarah Yang; Kayoung Lee; Laura A Baker; Catherine Tuvblad; Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen; Henning Beck-Nielsen; Morten Sodemann; Kauko Heikkilä; Qihua Tan; Dongfeng Zhang; Gary E Swan; Ruth Krasnow; Kerry L Jang; Ariel Knafo-Noam; David Mankuta; Lior Abramson; Paul Lichtenstein; Robert F Krueger; Matt McGue; Shandell Pahlen; Per Tynelius; Glen E Duncan; Dedra Buchwald; Robin P Corley; Brooke M Huibregtse; Tracy L Nelson; Keith E Whitfield; Carol E Franz; William S Kremen; Michael J Lyons; Syuichi Ooki; Ingunn Brandt; Thomas Sevenius Nilsen; Fujio Inui; Mikio Watanabe; Meike Bartels; Toos C E M van Beijsterveldt; Jane Wardle; Clare H Llewellyn; Abigail Fisher; Esther Rebato; Nicholas G Martin; Yoshinori Iwatani; Kazuo Hayakawa; Joohon Sung; Jennifer R Harris; Gonneke Willemsen; Andreas Busjahn; Jack H Goldberg; Finn Rasmussen; Yoon-Mi Hur; Dorret I Boomsma; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Jaakko Kaprio; Karri Silventoinen Journal: Twin Res Hum Genet Date: 2015-09-04 Impact factor: 1.587
Authors: Alexis C Wood; Uku Vainik; Laura E Engelhardt; Daniel A Briley; Andrew D Grotzinger; Jessica A Church; K Paige Harden; Elliot M Tucker-Drob Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2019-10-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: H Konttinen; C Llewellyn; K Silventoinen; A Joensuu; S Männistö; V Salomaa; P Jousilahti; J Kaprio; M Perola; A Haukkala Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2017-11-21 Impact factor: 5.095
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