Dual immunosensor based on methylene blue-electroadsorbed graphene oxide for rapid detection of the influenza A virus antigen.

Rapid detection of influenza viral infections in poultry facilities is advantageous in several aspects such as environmental/personal safety, food-security, and socio-economy. Herein, we report the development of an electrochemical-based dual-sensor platform composed of methylene blue-electroadsorbed graphene oxide nanostructures modified with monoclonal antibodies against the HA proteins of H5N1 and H1N1. Bio-functional layers comprised of chitosan and protein-A molecules were implemented at the interface of the sensor element and antibodies, which synergistically enriched the bio-activity of immobilized antibodies for the immune complex formation. The differential pulse voltammetric signals resulted from the developed immunosensor platform exhibited a good correlation (R(2)=0.9978 for H1N1 and R(2)=0.9997 for H5N1) for the wide range of target concentrations 25-500pM). Chronoamperometric study also revealed the amplified current sensitivity of the immunoelectrodes even at the picomolar level. The proposed immunosensor design not only provides rapid analytical response time (<1min) but simplicity in fabrication and instrumentation, which paves an attractive platform for on-farm monitoring of viral infections.