Coronary Vasospastic Angina: Current Understanding and the Role of Inflammation.

UNLABELLED: Coronary vasospastic angina (CVsA) plays an important role in myocardial ischemia including stable angina, acute coronary syndromes, and sudden cardiac death. Inflammation status from either endothelium or adventitia can cause endothelial dysfunction. Thereafter, the endothelial dysfunction further induces vascular smooth muscle hypercontraction through the enhanced rho-kinase with the resultant clinical event. With better understanding of the interactions between inflammation, endothelium, and smooth muscle cells, we and other investigators have provided new insights into the basic pathophysiology of CVsA. Apart from calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and the rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil, anti-inflammatory treatment is helpful in some patients with refractory CVsA. Additional studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of recurrent CVsA. KEY WORDS: Anticoagulants; Deep vein thrombosis; Diagnosis; Treatment.