Perceived roughness of a grating: correlation with responses of mechanoreceptive afferents innervating the monkey's fingerpad.

Human subjects scaled gratings of alternating grooves and ridges for perceived roughness. Roughness increased with an increase in groove width and decreased with an increase in ridge width, but the effect of groove width was much greater than the effect of ridge width. In corresponding neurophysiological experiments, the gratings were moved sinusoidally across the receptive fields of single mechano-receptive afferents innervating the fingerpads of anesthetized monkeys. The measure of response used was the mean cyclic discharge rate (averaged over one cycle of the sinusoid). Slowly adapting afferents (SAs), rapidly adapting afferents (RAs), and Pacinian afferents (PCs) all showed a marked increase in response when groove width increased. An increase in ridge width had no consistent effect on the responses of SAs or RAs but resulted in a small decrease in the response of PCs. The response to a smooth surface differed significantly from the responses to the finer gratings only for the RAs. An alternative measure of response (the number of impulses elicited by each spatial cycle of the grating) increased with an increase in ridge width for all 3 fiber types. Thus, the large effect of groove width on perceived roughness can be accounted for by the mean cyclic discharge rate in the active afferent fibers. The smaller effect of ridge width can be accounted for by the number of impulses per spatial cycle of the grating.