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Literature DB >> 26644598

Gazing at me: the importance of social meaning in understanding direct-gaze cues.

Abstract

Direct gaze is an engaging and important social cue, but the meaning of direct gaze depends heavily on the surrounding context. This paper reviews some recent studies of direct gaze, to understand more about what neural and cognitive systems are engaged by this social cue and why. The data show that gaze can act as an arousal cue and can modulate actions, and can activate brain regions linked to theory of mind and self-related processing. However, all these results are strongly modulated by the social meaning of a gaze cue and by whether participants believe that another person is really watching them. The implications of these contextual effects and audience effects for our theories of gaze are considered.

Entities: Species

Keywords: audience effect; autism; gaze; social cognition; theory of mind

Mesh：

Year: 2016 PMID： 26644598 PMCID： PMC4685525 DOI： 10.1098/rstb.2015.0080

Source DB: PubMed Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci ISSN： 0962-8436 Impact factor: 6.237

63 in total

1. The amygdala processes the emotional significance of facial expressions: an fMRI investigation using the interaction between expression and face direction.

Authors: Wataru Sato; Sakiko Yoshikawa; Takanori Kochiyama; Michikazu Matsumura
Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2004-06 Impact factor: 6.556

2. When eye creates the contact! ERP evidence for early dissociation between direct and averted gaze motion processing.

Authors: Laurence Conty; Karim N'Diaye; Charles Tijus; Nathalie George
Journal: Neuropsychologia Date: 2007-06-12 Impact factor: 3.139

3. A frontotemporoparietal network common to initiating and responding to joint attention bids.

Authors: Nathan Caruana; Jon Brock; Alexandra Woolgar
Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2014-12-19 Impact factor: 6.556

4. The medial prefrontal cortex and the emergence of self-conscious emotion in adolescence.

Authors: Leah H Somerville; Rebecca M Jones; Erika J Ruberry; Jonathan P Dyke; Gary Glover; B J Casey
Journal: Psychol Sci Date: 2013-06-26

5. Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting.

Authors: Melissa Bateson; Daniel Nettle; Gilbert Roberts
Journal: Biol Lett Date: 2006-09-22 Impact factor: 3.703

6. Eye contact detection in humans from birth.

Authors: Teresa Farroni; Gergely Csibra; Francesca Simion; Mark H Johnson
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2002-06-24 Impact factor: 11.205

7. Eye contact with neutral and smiling faces: effects on autonomic responses and frontal EEG asymmetry.

Authors: Laura M Pönkänen; Jari K Hietanen
Journal: Front Hum Neurosci Date: 2012-05-04 Impact factor: 3.169

8. Measuring the value of social engagement in adults with and without autism.

Authors: Indu Dubey; Danielle Ropar; Antonia F de C Hamilton
Journal: Mol Autism Date: 2015-06-12 Impact factor: 7.509

9. Perception of direct gaze does not require focus of attention.

Authors: Takemasa Yokoyama; Hiroki Sakai; Yasuki Noguchi; Shinichi Kita
Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2014-01-24 Impact factor: 4.379

10. Inferring on the intentions of others by hierarchical Bayesian learning.

Authors: Andreea O Diaconescu; Christoph Mathys; Lilian A E Weber; Jean Daunizeau; Lars Kasper; Ekaterina I Lomakina; Ernst Fehr; Klaas E Stephan
Journal: PLoS Comput Biol Date: 2014-09-04 Impact factor: 4.475

31 in total

1. Understanding self and others: from origins to disorders.

Authors: Caroline Catmur; Emily S Cross; Harriet Over
Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Date: 2016-01-19 Impact factor: 6.237

Review 2. From shared to distinct self-other representations in empathy: evidence from neurotypical function and socio-cognitive disorders.

Authors: C Lamm; H Bukowski; G Silani
Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Date: 2016-01-19 Impact factor: 6.237

Review 3. The developmental support hypothesis: adaptive plasticity in neural development in response to cues of social support.

Authors: Emilie Snell-Rood; Claire Snell-Rood
Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Date: 2020-06-01 Impact factor: 6.237

Gazing at me: the importance of social meaning in understanding direct-gaze cues.

1. The amygdala processes the emotional significance of facial expressions: an fMRI investigation using the interaction between expression and face direction.

2. When eye creates the contact! ERP evidence for early dissociation between direct and averted gaze motion processing.

3. A frontotemporoparietal network common to initiating and responding to joint attention bids.

4. The medial prefrontal cortex and the emergence of self-conscious emotion in adolescence.

5. Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting.

6. Eye contact detection in humans from birth.

7. Eye contact with neutral and smiling faces: effects on autonomic responses and frontal EEG asymmetry.

8. Measuring the value of social engagement in adults with and without autism.

9. Perception of direct gaze does not require focus of attention.

10. Inferring on the intentions of others by hierarchical Bayesian learning.

1. Understanding self and others: from origins to disorders.

Review 2. From shared to distinct self-other representations in empathy: evidence from neurotypical function and socio-cognitive disorders.

Review 3. The developmental support hypothesis: adaptive plasticity in neural development in response to cues of social support.

4. Attention holding elicited by direct-gaze faces is reflected in saccadic peak velocity.

Review 5. Audience effects: what can they tell us about social neuroscience, theory of mind and autism?

6. Theta resting EEG in TPJ/pSTS is associated with individual differences in the feeling of being looked at.

7. The Cone of Direct Gaze: A Stable Trait.

8. Neural mechanisms of eye contact when listening to another person talking.

9. STORMy Interactions: Gaze and the Modulation of Mimicry in Adults on the Autism Spectrum.

10. Look at Me: Early Gaze Engagement Enhances Corticospinal Excitability During Action Observation.