Mina Park1, Kyung-Eun Kim1, Na-Young Shin2, Seung-Koo Lee1, Soo Mee Lim3, Dongbeom Song4, Ji Hoe Heo4, Jin Woo Kim5, Se Won Oh6. 1. Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. nyshin@ewha.ac.kr. 3. Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 4. Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 5. Department of Radiology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea. 6. Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The thrombus length may be overestimated on early arterial computed tomography angiography (CTA) depending on the collateral status. We evaluated the value of a grading system based on the thrombus length discrepancy on dual-phase CT in outcome prediction. METHODS: Forty-eight acute ischemic stroke patients with M1 occlusion were included. Dual-phase CT protocol encompassed non-contrast enhanced CT, CTA with a bolus tracking technique, and delayed contrast enhanced CT (CECT) performed 40s after contrast injection. The thrombus length discrepancy between CTA and CECT was graded by using a three-point scale: G0 = no difference; G1 = no difference in thrombus length, but in attenuation distal to thrombus; G2 = difference in thrombus length. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to define independent predictors of poor clinical outcome at 3 months. RESULTS: The thrombus discrepancy grade showed significant linear relationships with both the collateral status (P = 0.008) and the presence of antegrade flow on DSA (P = 0.010) with good interobserver agreement (κ = 0.868). In a multivariate model, the presence of thrombus length discrepancy (G2) was an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome [odds ratio = 11.474 (1.350-97.547); P =0.025]. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of thrombus length discrepancy on dual-phase CT may be a useful predictor of unfavourable clinical outcome in acute M1 occlusion patients. KEY POINTS: • Early arterial phase CTA may underestimate thrombus length. • Thrombus length discrepancy grade reflects collateral status or presence of antegrade flow. • Outcome prediction may be better with thrombus length grade than collateral score.
OBJECTIVES: The thrombus length may be overestimated on early arterial computed tomography angiography (CTA) depending on the collateral status. We evaluated the value of a grading system based on the thrombus length discrepancy on dual-phase CT in outcome prediction. METHODS: Forty-eight acute ischemic strokepatients with M1 occlusion were included. Dual-phase CT protocol encompassed non-contrast enhanced CT, CTA with a bolus tracking technique, and delayed contrast enhanced CT (CECT) performed 40s after contrast injection. The thrombus length discrepancy between CTA and CECT was graded by using a three-point scale: G0 = no difference; G1 = no difference in thrombus length, but in attenuation distal to thrombus; G2 = difference in thrombus length. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to define independent predictors of poor clinical outcome at 3 months. RESULTS: The thrombus discrepancy grade showed significant linear relationships with both the collateral status (P = 0.008) and the presence of antegrade flow on DSA (P = 0.010) with good interobserver agreement (κ = 0.868). In a multivariate model, the presence of thrombus length discrepancy (G2) was an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome [odds ratio = 11.474 (1.350-97.547); P =0.025]. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of thrombus length discrepancy on dual-phase CT may be a useful predictor of unfavourable clinical outcome in acute M1 occlusionpatients. KEY POINTS: • Early arterial phase CTA may underestimate thrombus length. • Thrombus length discrepancy grade reflects collateral status or presence of antegrade flow. • Outcome prediction may be better with thrombus length grade than collateral score.
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