Justin D Bric1, Derek C Lumbard1, Matthew J Frelich1, Jon C Gould2. 1. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. 2. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. jgould@mcw.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, the annual number of robotic surgical procedures continues to increase. Robotic surgical skills are unique from those used in either open or laparoscopic surgery. The acquisition of a basic robotic surgical skill set may be best accomplished in the simulation laboratory. We sought to review the current literature pertaining to the use of virtual reality (VR) simulation in the acquisition of robotic surgical skills on the da Vinci Surgical System. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A PubMed search was conducted between December 2014 and January 2015 utilizing the following keywords: virtual reality, robotic surgery, da Vinci, da Vinci skills simulator, SimSurgery Educational Platform, Mimic dV-Trainer, and Robotic Surgery Simulator. Articles were included if they were published between 2007 and 2015, utilized VR simulation for the da Vinci Surgical System, and utilized a commercially available VR platform. RESULTS: The initial search criteria returned 227 published articles. After all inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, a total of 47 peer-reviewed manuscripts were included in the final review. CONCLUSIONS: There are many benefits to utilizing VR simulation for robotic skills acquisition. Four commercially available simulators have been demonstrated to be capable of assessing robotic skill. Three of the four simulators demonstrate the ability of a VR training curriculum to improve basic robotic skills, with proficiency-based training being the most effective training style. The skills obtained on a VR training curriculum are comparable with those obtained on dry laboratory simulation. The future of VR simulation includes utilization in assessment for re-credentialing purposes, advanced procedural-based training, and as a warm-up tool prior to surgery.
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, the annual number of robotic surgical procedures continues to increase. Robotic surgical skills are unique from those used in either open or laparoscopic surgery. The acquisition of a basic robotic surgical skill set may be best accomplished in the simulation laboratory. We sought to review the current literature pertaining to the use of virtual reality (VR) simulation in the acquisition of robotic surgical skills on the da Vinci Surgical System. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A PubMed search was conducted between December 2014 and January 2015 utilizing the following keywords: virtual reality, robotic surgery, da Vinci, da Vinci skills simulator, SimSurgery Educational Platform, Mimic dV-Trainer, and Robotic Surgery Simulator. Articles were included if they were published between 2007 and 2015, utilized VR simulation for the da Vinci Surgical System, and utilized a commercially available VR platform. RESULTS: The initial search criteria returned 227 published articles. After all inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, a total of 47 peer-reviewed manuscripts were included in the final review. CONCLUSIONS: There are many benefits to utilizing VR simulation for robotic skills acquisition. Four commercially available simulators have been demonstrated to be capable of assessing robotic skill. Three of the four simulators demonstrate the ability of a VR training curriculum to improve basic robotic skills, with proficiency-based training being the most effective training style. The skills obtained on a VR training curriculum are comparable with those obtained on dry laboratory simulation. The future of VR simulation includes utilization in assessment for re-credentialing purposes, advanced procedural-based training, and as a warm-up tool prior to surgery.
Keywords:
Curriculum; Simulation; Training; Virtual reality; da Vinci Surgical System
Authors: Ruslan Korets; Adam C Mues; Joseph A Graversen; Mantu Gupta; Mitchell C Benson; Kimberly L Cooper; Jaime Landman; Ketan K Badani Journal: Urology Date: 2011-10-15 Impact factor: 2.649
Authors: Michael A Liss; Corollos Abdelshehid; Stephen Quach; Achim Lusch; Joseph Graversen; Jaime Landman; Elspeth M McDougall Journal: J Endourol Date: 2012-10-02 Impact factor: 2.942
Authors: Andrew P Stegemann; Kamran Ahmed; Johar R Syed; Shabnam Rehman; Khurshid Ghani; Ricardo Autorino; Mohamed Sharif; Amrith Rao; Yi Shi; Gregory E Wilding; James M Hassett; Ashirwad Chowriappa; Thenkurussi Kesavadas; James O Peabody; Mani Menon; Jihad Kaouk; Khurshid Ahad Guru Journal: Urology Date: 2013-02-26 Impact factor: 2.649
Authors: Tarek Alzahrani; Richard Haddad; Abdullah Alkhayal; Josée Delisle; Laura Drudi; Walter Gotlieb; Shannon Fraser; Simon Bergman; Frank Bladou; Sero Andonian; Maurice Anidjar Journal: Can Urol Assoc J Date: 2013 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 1.862
Authors: Henk W R Schreuder; Jan E U Persson; Richard G H Wolswijk; Ingmar Ihse; Marlies P Schijven; René H M Verheijen Journal: ScientificWorldJournal Date: 2014-01-30
Authors: Daniel G Davila; Melissa C Helm; Matthew J Frelich; Jon C Gould; Matthew I Goldblatt Journal: Surg Endosc Date: 2017-12-06 Impact factor: 4.584
Authors: Chuhao Wu; Jackie Cha; Jay Sulek; Chandru P Sundaram; Juan Wachs; Robert W Proctor; Denny Yu Journal: Appl Ergon Date: 2020-09-19 Impact factor: 3.661
Authors: Samaneh Azargoshasb; Imke Boekestijn; Meta Roestenberg; Gijs H KleinJan; Jos A van der Hage; Henk G van der Poel; Daphne D D Rietbergen; Matthias N van Oosterom; Fijs W B van Leeuwen Journal: Mol Imaging Biol Date: 2022-06-16 Impact factor: 3.488