| Literature DB >> 25813134 |
Su Hyun Lee1, Young Hye Shin1, Sung Soo Kim1.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes toward disclosing medical errors between medical students and interns.Entities:
Keywords: Internship and residency; Medical errors; Medical students
Year: 2012 PMID: 25813134 PMCID: PMC8813346 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2012.24.3.247
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Korean J Med Educ ISSN: 2005-727X
Disclosure of Medical Errors
| Disclosure of medical errors | Respondent group | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Mean | X2 | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any kind of medical error should be informed | Medical student | 52 (42.3) | 49 (39.8) | 22 (17.9) | 2.74 | 0.75 | 1.41 |
| Intern | 18 (43.9) | 18 (43.9) | 5 (12.2) | 2.51 | |||
| Treating appropriately and do not want to informed | Medical student | 28 (22.8) | 39 (31.7) | 56 (45.5) | 3.27 | 7.39 | 3.49 |
| Intern | 17 (41.5) | 14 (34.1) | 10 (24.4) | 2.71 | |||
| No medical error should be informed | Medical student | 105 (85.4) | 15 (12.2) | 3 (2.4) | 1.84 | 22.32 | -3.27 |
| Intern | 21 (51.2) | 13 (31.7) | 7 (17.1) | 2.41 |
Values are presented as number (%).
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001.
Perceived Patients Expectation for Disclosure of Medical Errors
| Perceived patients expectation for disclosure of medical errors | Respondent group | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Mean | X2 | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients want to be informed of any kind of medical errors | Medical Student | 11 (8.9) | 19 (15.4) | 93 (75.6) | 3.94 | 12.29 | 4.17 |
| Intern | 9 (22.0) | 13 (31.7) | 19 (46.3) | 3.24 | |||
| Patients want to be treating appropriately and do not want to informed | Medical Student | 48 (39.0) | 34 (27.6) | 41 (33.3) | 2.96 | 4.56 | -0.65 |
| Intern | 9 (22.0) | 17 (41.5) | 15 (36.6) | 3.07 | |||
| Patients don’t want to be know any kind of medical errors which occur to them | Medical Student | 107 (87.0) | 13 (10.6) | 3 (2.4) | 1.80 | 30.05 | -4.01 |
| Intern | 20 (48.8) | 11 (26.8) | 10 (24.4) | 2.59 |
Values are presented as number (%).
p<0.01,
p<0.001.
The Seriousness of Medical Errors and Willingness to Disclose the Errors
| The seriousness medical errors and willingness to disclose the errors | Respondent group | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Mean | X2 | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serious errors should be disclosed to patients | Medical student | 7 (5.7) | 16 (13.0) | 100 (81.3) | 4.03 | 19.33 | 3.91 |
| Intern | 5 (12.2) | 17 (41.5) | 19 (46.3) | 3.39 | |||
| Minor errors should be disclosed to patients | Medical student | 49 (39.8) | 48 (39.0) | 26 (21.1) | 2.79 | 1.85 | -1.05 |
| Intern | 12 (29.3) | 17 (41.5) | 12 (29.3) | 2.95 | |||
| Near misses should be disclosed to patients | Medical student | 67 (54.5) | 39 (31.7) | 17 (13.8) | 2.48 | 0.83 | -0.94 |
| Intern | 19 (46.3) | 15 (36.6) | 7 (17.1) | 2.63 |
Values are presented as number (%).
p<0.001.
Who Is the First Person to Whom You Want to Report the Your Errors?
| Respondent group | Rank | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| Medical student | Colleague | Superior | My family | Patient/Patients’ family |
| (n=70, 56.9%) | (n=43, 35.0%) | (n=6, 4.9%) | (n=2, 1.6%) | |
| Medical director | ||||
| (n=2, 1.6%) | ||||
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| Intern | Colleague | Superior | Patient/Patient’s family | Medical director |
| (n=20, 48.8%) | (n=7, 17.1%) | (n=6, 14.6%) | (n=1, 2.4%) | |
| My family | ||||
| (n=7, 17.1%) | ||||
Effective Ways to Deal with Medical Errors
| Respondent group | Rank | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| Medical student | Taking corrective actions while communicating with patients | Truthful explanation | Apology | Keep communicating with patients |
| Intern | Taking corrective actions while communicating with patients | Truthful explanation | Keep communicating with patients | Apology |
Perceived Responsibility of Medical Errors and Attitudes toward Patient Safety
| Perceived responsibility medical errors and attitudes toward patient safety | Respondent group | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Mean | X2 | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical errors are usually caused by the failure of care delivery systems, not the failure of individuals | Medical student | 34 (27.6) | 69 (56.1) | 20 (16.3) | 2.90 | 3.99 | 0.55 |
| Intern | 14 (34.1) | 16 (39.0) | 11 (26.8) | 2.80 | |||
| When medical errors occur the institution should take necessary actions to ensure patient safety | Medical student | - | 7 (5.7) | 116 (94.3) | 4.32 | 34.36 | 4.84 |
| Intern | 5 (12.2) | 12 (29.3) | 24 (58.5) | 3.54 |
Values are presented as number (%).
p<0.001.
Attitudes toward Error Disclosure
| Attitudes toward error disclosure | Respondent group | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Mean | X2 | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disclosing medical errors is the right thing to do (obligation) even if it comes at a significant personal cost (e.g., hams my reputation or increases my malpractice risk) | Medical student | 9 (7.3) | 46 (37.4) | 68 (55.3) | 3.49 | 4.92 | 1.92 |
| Intern | 7 (17.1) | 18 (43.9) | 16 (39.0) | 3.24 | |||
| If I made a medical mistake, disclosing the mistake to my patient would help alleviate my feelings of guilt | Medical student | 37 (30.1) | 27 (22.0) | 59 (48.0) | 3.14 | 4.39 | 1.45 |
| Intern | 17 (41.5) | 12 (29.3) | 12 (29.3) | 2.88 | |||
| Telling my patient about a medical error I have made in their care strengthens my patient’s trust in me as a physician | Medical student | 67 (54.5) | 36 (29.3) | 20 (16.3) | 2.48 | 1.38 | -.73 |
| Intern | 18 (43.9) | 15 (36.6) | 8 (19.5) | 2.61 | |||
| My decision to disclose an error to my patient depends on whether I think the information will help or harm him/her | Medical student | 30 (24.4) | 50 (40.7) | 43 (35.0) | 3.17 | 1.52 | 1.75 |
| Intern | 14 (34.1) | 15 (36.6) | 12 (29.3) | 2.88 |
Values are presented as number (%).
Attitudes toward Patients and Disclosure of Medical Error Factors
| It might make me less likely to disclose a medical error if I think | Respondent group | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Mean | X2 | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The patient would not understand what I was telling him/her | Medical student | 27 (22.0) | 22 (17.9) | 74 (60.2) | 3.46 | 4.55 | 2.85 |
| Intern | 12 (29.3) | 12 (29.3) | 17 (41.5) | 2.95 | |||
| The patient would not want to know about the error | Medical student | 20 (16.3) | 23 (18.7) | 80 (65.0) | 3.53 | 3.43 | 2.26 |
| Intern | 10 (24.4) | 11 (26.8) | 20 (48.8) | 3.17 | |||
| The patient is unaware an error happened | Medical student | 28 (22.8) | 40 (32.5) | 55 (44.7) | 3.24 | 1.24 | 0.47 |
| Intern | 6 (14.6) | 15 (36.6) | 20 (48.8) | 3.32 | |||
| I did not know the patient very well | Medical student | 34 (27.6) | 21 (17.1) | 68 (55.3) | 3.37 | 5.82 | 0.00 |
| Intern | 7 (17.1) | 14 (34.1) | 20 (48.8) | 3.37 |
Values are presented as number (%).
p<0.05,
p<0.01.
Barriers to Disclosing Medical Errors
| Respondent group | Rank | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| Medical student | Malpractice litigation | Distrust of doctors’ skill | Negative patient/ Family reaction | Loss of reputation | Negative publicity | Blame from colleagues |
| Professional discipline | ||||||
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| Intern | Malpractice litigation | Negative patient/ Family reaction | Loss of reputation | Distrust of doctors’ skill | Blame from colleagues | Professional discipline |
| Negative publicity | ||||||