| Literature DB >> 25812689 |
Jin-Hee Kim1, Eun-Young Jang1, Daeho Kim1, Joon Ho Choi1, Yong-Chon Park1.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study investigated the mental health status, self-esteem, social comparison, and narcissism among medical school students. In addition, the mediational effect of social comparison between self-esteem and narcissism was also tested with regard to whether the students compared themselves with others to enhance their own self-esteem.Entities:
Keywords: Comparison; MMPI; Mental health; Narcissism; Self-esteem
Year: 2011 PMID: 25812689 PMCID: PMC8813516 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2011.23.4.295
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Korean J Med Educ ISSN: 2005-727X
The Frequencies of Risk and Non-Risk Groups by Affiliation
| PS | MS | GMS | Total | Chi-square test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | χ2 | df | p-value | |
| Non-risk group | 82 (89.1) | 210 (90.9) | 96 (92.3) | 388 (90.9) | |||
| Risk group | 10 (10.9) | 21 (9.1) | 8 (7.7) | 39 (9.1) | 0.60 | 2 | 0.74 |
| Total | 92 (100) | 231 (100) | 104 (100) | 427 (100) | |||
Participants were allocated into one of the risk or non-risk group based on their MMPI profile.
PS: Premedical student, MS: Medical student, GMS: Graduate medical student.
Table 2. Means (SDs) of Psychopathologies and Psychological Traits by Affiliation and Gender
| PS | MS | GMS | F-value | Results of post-hoc | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
| Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total post-ho | |||
| Hypochondriasis | 50.51 | 46.10 | 49.50 | 49.99 | 44.83 | 48.78 | 50.21 | 46.15 | 48.38 | 0.41 | |
| (9.14) | (7.73) | (9.00) | (8.48) | (7.94) | (8.62) | (8.65) | (8.82) | (8.92) | |||
| Depression | 44.41 | 43.52 | 44.21 | 46.01 | 42.80 | 45.26 | 44.56 | 45.17 | 44.84 | 0.31 | |
| (10.68) | (9.25) | (10.33) | (10.84) | (11.60) | (11.08) | (11.33) | (11.86) | (11.52) | |||
| Hysteria | 47.03 | 41.76 | 45.83 | 47.97 | 43.93 | 47.03 | 49.40 | 46.68 | 48.17 | 1.49 | |
| (8.85) | (7.47) | (8.80) | (9.42) | (9.47) | (9.57) | (9.38) | (10.60) | (9.99) | |||
| Psychopathic-deviate | 46.23 | 46.48 | 46.28 | 49.27 | 46.00 | 48.51 | 47.47 | 46.57 | 47.07 | 1.97 | |
| (10.32) | (8.38) | (9.87) | (9.07) | (11.11) | (9.66) | (8.85) | (11.25) | (9.97) | |||
| Masculinity-feminity | 45.52 | 53.90 | 47.43 | 47.45 | 54.65 | 49.13 | 44.86 | 52.23 | 48.19 | 1.06 | |
| (9.71) | (7.66) | (9.89) | (9.46) | (10.87) | (10.25) | (8.57) | (7.95) | (9.04) | |||
| Paranoia | 49.17 | 44.00 | 47.99 | 48.25 | 46.28 | 47.79 | 45.93 | 43.62 | 44.88 | 3.45 | c<a,b |
| (10.92) | (10.80) | (11.05) | (10.48) | (10.51) | (10.50) | (7.36) | (8.03) | (7.72) | |||
| Psychasthenia | 44.82 | 44.81 | 44.82 | 47.27 | 43.50 | 46.39 | 46.11 | 42.77 | 44.6 | 1.57 | |
| (8.50) | (9.11) | (8.59) | (9.85) | (12.68) | (10.67) | (7.86) | (10.12) | (9.06) | |||
| Schizophrenia | 46.87 | 44.24 | 46.27 | 47.46 | 42.94 | 46.41 | 45.00 | 41.51 | 43.42 | 3.80 | c<a,b |
| (9.95) | (10.12) | (10.00) | (9.29) | (10.94) | (9.86) | (7.84) | (7.97) | (8.05) | |||
| Hypomania | 45.93 | 41.24 | 44.86 | 44.78 | 48.00 | 45.53 | 41.86 | 41.87 | 41.87 | 4.47 | c<a,b |
| (11.95) | (10.52) | (11.75) | (11.14) | (8.88) | (10.72) | (9.21) | (7.75) | (8.54) | |||
| Social introversion | 46.23 | 43.29 | 45.55 | 46.67 | 43.57 | 45.95 | 43.35 | 43.17 | 43.27 | 2.03 | |
| (10.87) | (9.64) | (10.62) | (11.90) | (11.88) | (11.94) | (11.47) | (10.33) | (10.91) | |||
| Self-esteem | 3.04 | 3.08 | 3.05 | 3.12 | 3.12 | 3.12 | 3.29 | 3.23 | 3.26 | 5.48 | a,b<c |
| (0.54) | (0.41) | (0.51) | (0.48) | (0.48) | (0.48) | (0.42) | (0.44) | (0.44) | |||
| Comparison tendency | 3.41 | 3.44 | 3.41 | 3.33 | 3.44 | 3.35 | 3.14 | 3.04 | 3.1 | 7.59 | c<a,b |
| (0.68) | (0.51) | (0.64) | (0.65) | (0.61) | (0.64) | (0.62) | (0.57) | (0.59) | |||
| Narcissism | 3.51 | 3.23 | 3.46 | 3.50 | 3.29 | 3.45 | 3.15 | 2.87 | 3.03 | 8.32 | c<a,b |
| (1.01) | (0.80) | (0.96) | (0.98) | (0.87) | (0.95) | (0.93) | (0.64) | (0.83) | |||
PS: Premedical student, MS: Medical student, GMS: Graduate medical student.
a: Mean of premedical student, b: Mean of medical student, c: Mean of graduate medical student.
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001.
Correlational Relations in Premedical Students
| Gender | Hs | D | Hy | Pd | Mf | Pa | Pt | Sc | Ma | Si | Self-esteem | Comparison tendency | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hs | –0.21 | 1.00 | |||||||||||
| D | –0.04 | 0.50 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Hy | –0.25 | 0.83 | 0.37 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Pd | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Mf | 0.36 | 0.19 | 0.34 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Pa | –0.20 | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.42 | 0.54 | 0.30 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Pt | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.67 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.61 | 1.00 | |||||
| Sc | –0.11 | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.23 | 0.62 | 0.78 | 1.00 | ||||
| Ma | –0.17 | 0.25 | –0.02 | 0.32 | 0.42 | –0.06 | 0.41 | 0.31 | 0.59 | 1.00 | |||
| Si | –0.12 | 0.25 | 0.65 | 0.06 | –0.02 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.54 | 0.37 | –0.12 | 1.00 | ||
| Self-esteem | 0.03 | –0.18 | –0.55 | –0.10 | –0.29 | –0.25 | –0.41 | –0.53 | –0.48 | –0.08 | –0.49 | 1.00 | |
| Comparison tendency | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | –0.08 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.12 | –0.09 | 1.00 |
| Narcissism | –0.10 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.12 | –0.11 | 0.16 |
Hs: Hypochondriasis, D: Depression, Hy: Hysteria, Pd: Psychopathic-deviate, Mf: Masculinity-feminity, Pa: Paranoia, Pt: Psychasthenia, Sc: Schizophrenia, Ma: Hypomania, Si: Social introversion.
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001.
Correlational Relations in Medical Students
| Gender | Hs | D | Hy | Pd | Mf | Pa | Pt | Sc | Ma | Si | Self-esteem | Comparison tendency | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hs | –0.25 | 1.00 | |||||||||||
| D | –0.12 | 0.50 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Hy | –0.18 | 0.82 | 0.45 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Pd | –0.14 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Mf | 0.30 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Pa | –0.08 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0.22 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Pt | –0.15 | 0.53 | 0.69 | 0.47 | 0.56 | 0.13 | 0.57 | 1.00 | |||||
| Sc | –0.19 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.19 | 0.63 | 0.80 | 1.00 | ||||
| Ma | 0.13 | 0.14 | –0.14 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 1.00 | |||
| Si | –0.11 | 0.16 | 0.69 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.52 | 0.38 | –0.29 | 1.00 | ||
| Self-esteem | 0.00 | –0.18 | –0.52 | –0.10 | –0.37 | –0.14 | –0.32 | –0.55 | –0.45 | 0.05 | –0.51 | 1.00 | |
| Comparison tendency | 0.07 | –0.10 | 0.13 | –0.16 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.13 | –0.02 | 0.08 | 0.15 | –0.17 | 1.00 |
| Narcissism | –0.10 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.12 | –0.16 | 0.40 |
Hs: Hypochondriasis, D: Depression, Hy: Hysteria, Pd: Psychopathic-deviate, Mf: Masculinity-feminity, Pa: Paranoia, Pt: Psychasthenia, Sc: Schizophrenia, Ma: Hypomania, Si: Social introversion.
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001.
Correlational Relations in Graduate Medical Students
| Gender | Hs | D | Hy | Pd | Mf | Pa | Pt | Sc | Ma | Si | Self-esteem | Comparison tendency | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hs | –0.23 | 1.00 | |||||||||||
| D | 0.03 | 0.53 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Hy | –0.14 | 0.83 | 0.51 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Pd | –0.05 | 0.42 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Mf | 0.41 | –0.02 | 0.07 | 0.01 | –0.07 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Pa | –0.15 | 0.40 | 0.54 | 0.43 | 0.53 | –0.02 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Pt | –0.18 | 0.61 | 0.72 | 0.56 | 0.53 | –0.01 | 0.66 | 1.00 | |||||
| Sc | –0.22 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.65 | 0.77 | 1.00 | ||||
| Ma | 0.00 | –0.05 | –0.22 | –0.06 | –0.11 | 0.03 | –0.08 | –0.01 | 0.09 | 1.00 | |||
| Si | –0.01 | 0.22 | 0.72 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.43 | –0.28 | 1.00 | ||
| Self-esteem | –0.08 | –0.33 | –0.61 | –0.30 | –0.40 | –0.08 | –0.39 | –0.49 | –0.40 | 0.13 | –0.54 | 1.00 | |
| Comparison tendency | –0.08 | –0.04 | 0.13 | –0.04 | –0.02 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.22 | –0.04 | 1.00 |
| Narcissism | –0.17 | –0.03 | 0.14 | –0.03 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.19 | –0.09 | 0.57 |
Hs: Hypochondriasis, D: Depression, Hy: Hysteria, Pd: Psychopathic-deviate, Mf: Masculinity-feminity, Pa: Paranoia, Pt: Psychasthenia, Sc: Schizophrenia, Ma: Hypomania, Si: Social introversion.
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001.
Fig. 1.Mediational Effect of Comparison Tendency between Self-Esteem and Narcissism in Medical Students