| Literature DB >> 25804690 |
Hyun-Ji Lee1, Eun-Young Jang1, Yong-Chon Park1, Daeho Kim1.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This longitudinal study was designed to examine the change in depression and anxiety and their predictors over 1 year among premedical and medical students. We compared depression and anxiety from 2 waves and determined the predictive power of personality, narcissism, social comparison, and social reward value on them.Entities:
Keywords: Medical students; Mental health changes; Personality; Social reward value; Upward comparison
Year: 2013 PMID: 25804690 PMCID: PMC8813509 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2013.25.2.101
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Korean J Med Educ ISSN: 2005-727X
School Year and Number of Respondents Based on Time of Final Sample
| Time 1 (No.) | Time 2 (No.) | Final sample (No.) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | 1st year of premedical college (52) | 2nd year of premedical college (50) | 50 |
| Group 2 | 2nd year of premedical college (57) | 1st year of medical college (52) | 49 |
| Group 3 | 1st year of medical college (71) | 2nd year of medical college (56) | 60 |
| Group 4 | 2nd year of medical college (72) | 3rd year of medical college (67) | 67 |
Means (Standard Deviations) of Personalities Variables, Depression, and Anxiety by Group
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | F-value (Scheffé ) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Mean | No. | Mean | No. | Mean | No. | Mean | No. | |||
| Extraversion | 2.90 (0.25) | 44 | 2.80 (0.27) | 48 | 3.00 (0.66) | 60 | 2.82 (0.26) | 65 | 2.83 | |
| Agreeableness | 3.01 (0.27) | 44 | 2.91 (0.34) | 49 | 3.45 (0.56) | 60 | 2.97 (0.36) | 65 | 20.56 | |
| Conscientiousness | 3.05 (0.20) | 44 | 3.02 (0.19) | 48 | 3.21 (0.57) | 60 | 3.05 (0.20) | 65 | 3.58 | |
| Neuroticism | 2.96 (0.19) | 44 | 2.92 (0.19) | 49 | 3.18 (0.68) | 60 | 2.96 (0.21) | 65 | 4.95 | |
| Openness | 2.98 (0.18) | 44 | 2.90 (0.23) | 48 | 3.17 (0.63) | 60 | 2.99 (0.20) | 65 | 5.16 | |
| Narcissism | 3.23 (0.94) | 44 | 3.66 (0.95) | 49 | 3.27 (0.89) | 60 | 3.59 (1.10) | 65 | 2.58 | |
| Upward comparison | 3.56 (0.87) | 50 | 3.62 (0.88) | 48 | 3.49 (0.72) | 54 | 3.34 (0.92) | 67 | 1.20 | |
| Social reward value | 3.81 (0.69) | 50 | 4.02 (0.66) | 48 | 3.88 (0.65) | 56 | 4.13 (0.77) | 67 | 2.49 | |
| Depression | 1st | 38.07 (6.39) | 44 | 38.47 (8.70) | 48 | 37.33 (7.58) | 60 | 38.75 (9.62) | 65 |
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| 2nd | 38.62 (6.00) | 50 | 42.24 (9.13) | 48 | 38.98 (8.13) | 56 | 38.58 (8.67) | 67 | ||
| Anxiety | 1st | 30.41 (5.96) | 44 | 34.13 (7.80) | 48 | 31.19 (7.05) | 59 | 33.72 (10.80) | 65 |
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| 2nd | 32.94 (6.60) | 50 | 37.47 (9.52) | 49 | 37.40 (10.41) | 56 | 34.28 (9.65) | 67 | ||
1: Mean of Group 1, 2: Mean of Group 2, 3: Mean of Group 3, 4: Mean of Group 4.
See Table 3.
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001.
Depression and Anxiety by Time and Group
| Sum of square | df | Mean square | F | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | Time | 0.55 | 1 | 0.55 | 8.14 | 0.01 |
| Group | 3.59 | 3 | 0.20 | 0.71 | 0.55 | |
| Time X Group | 0.42 | 3 | 0.14 | 2.04 | 0.11 | |
| Anxiety | Time | 1.47 | 1 | 1.47 | 17.27 | 0.00 |
| Group | 2.09 | 3 | 0.70 | 2.29 | 0.08 | |
| Time X Group | 0.68 | 3 | 0.23 | 2.66 | 0.05 |
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001.
Results of Hierarchical Regression Analysis of Each Group
| Step | Depression | Anxiety | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| β | t | β | t | |||
| Group 1 | 1st depression/anxiety | 1 | 0.63 | 5.07 | 0.62 | 5.01 |
| Extraversion | 2 | 0.22 | 1.70 | 0.12 | 0.84 | |
| Agreeableness | -0.12 | -1.06 | -0.22 | -1.85 | ||
| Conscientiousness | 0.12 | 1.13 | 0.03 | 0.27 | ||
| Neuroticism | 0.17 | 1.50 | 0.21 | 1.78 | ||
| Openness | -0.33 | -3.06 | -0.30 | -2.91 | ||
| Narcissism | 3 | 0.07 | 0.54 | 0.07 | 0.50 | |
| Upward comparison | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 1.28 | ||
| Upward comparison X | 4 | -0.19 | -1.21 | -0.01 | -0.09 | |
| Social reward value | ||||||
| Group 2 | 1st depression/anxiety | 1 | 0.70 | 6.05 | 0.67 | 5.59 |
| Extraversion | 2 | 0.16 | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.01 | |
| Agreeableness | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.55 | ||
| Conscientiousness | -0.01 | -0.08 | -0.14 | -0.88 | ||
| Neuroticism | 0.04 | 0.28 | -0.03 | -0.18 | ||
| Openness | -0.09 | -0.70 | -0.12 | -0.95 | ||
| Narcissism | 3 | 0.04 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.64 | |
| Upward comparison | -0.08 | -0.63 | 0.14 | 1.05 | ||
| Upward comparison X | 4 | -0.38 | -3.21 | -0.34 | -2.82 | |
| Social reward value | ||||||
| Group 3 | 1st depression/anxiety | 1 | 0.63 | 5.46 | 0.49 | 3.81 |
| Extraversion | 2 | 0.11 | 0.66 | 0.09 | 0.49 | |
| Agreeableness | -0.40 | -2.16 | -0.52 | -2.68 | ||
| Conscientiousness | 0.04 | 0.29 | -0.04 | -0.31 | ||
| Neuroticism | -0.14 | -0.78 | -0.25 | -1.34 | ||
| Openness | 0.17 | 0.99 | 0.18 | 0.98 | ||
| Narcissism | 3 | 0.09 | 0.69 | 0.20 | 1.36 | |
| Upward comparison | -0.24 | -1.98 | -0.17 | -1.37 | ||
| Upward comparison X | 4 | 0.07 | 0.53 | -0.08 | -0.61 | |
| Social reward value | ||||||
| Group 4 | 1st depression/anxiety | 1 | 0.53 | 4.67 | 0.56 | 5.13 |
| Extraversion | 2 | 0.26 | 1.71 | 0.24 | 1.59 | |
| Agreeableness | -0.02 | -0.14 | -0.12 | -0.87 | ||
| Conscientiousness | 0.16 | 1.31 | 0.11 | 0.91 | ||
| Neuroticism | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||
| Openness | 0.05 | 0.40 | 0.05 | 0.42 | ||
| Narcissism | 3 | 0.24 | 1.82 | 0.29 | 2.04 | |
| Upward comparison | -0.03 | -0.25 | 0.03 | 0.24 | ||
| Upward comparison X | 4 | -0.13 | -1.08 | -0.06 | -0.48 | |
| Social reward value | ||||||
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001.
Fig. 1.The Moderating Role of Social Reward Value between Upward Comparison and Depression among First-Year Medical School Students
Fig. 2.The Moderating Role of Social Reward Value between Upward Comparison and Anxiety Among First-Year Medical School Students